ACADEMIC BOTANY. 



SECTION I.-STEUOTUEAL BOTANY. 



PART FIRST.— MORPHOLOGY. 



LESSON I. 



FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITIONS. 



1-4. Natural Science. 5. The Plant. 6. Energy and Forces. 7. 

 Life. 8. Plant defined. 9. Primordial Cell. 10. Nomenclature. 

 11. Departments of Science. 12. Sex, Series. 



1. Natural Science treats of all things in Nature. 

 Nature is a synonyme for the Universe. It consists of Eler- 

 ments; of Bodies made out of elements; of States or Con- 

 ditions in which elements and bodies exist; of Forces which 

 govern them. 



Example : Oxygen and Hydrogen are elements ; they exist in a 

 gaseous state. These two elements (gases) unite by chemical force, 

 and form "Water. Water exists in a liquid state ; it is put in motion, 

 or brought to rest, by physical force. 



2. Bodies are Inorganic and Organic. 



3. Inorganic Bodies are without organs (Gr. organon, 

 from ergon, work) ; that is, they have no working parts. 

 They consist of particles, all of which are alike ; and they 

 increase by accretion or addition, not by growth. They 

 are called inert because they have no inherent power to 



