16 



ACADEMIC BOTANY. 



30. The Arrangement of floral parts is always in the 

 following order : 



A. The Pistil (with its ovule), in the centre of the 

 torus, whether there be one ovary, as in the Primrose (Fig. 

 5, i), or many ovaries, as in the Buttercup (Fig. 9, e). 



B. The Stamens (with their anthers), in a whorl or whorls 

 next outside the pistils or ovaries. 



C. The Corolla (L. little crown), next outside the stamens. 

 Its parts are called Petals; they are usually brightly 



colored and delicate in 

 texture. When the pet- 

 als are united into a 

 tube, as in the Morn- 

 ing-glory and Prim- 

 rose (Fig. 5, i), the 

 ilower is Monopekdous 

 (one-petalled) ; when 

 the petals are sepa- 

 rate throughout, as in 

 the Rose, Cotton, and 

 Buttercup (Figs. 9, 

 10), the flower is Poly-, 

 petalous (many -pet- 

 ailed) ; when wanting, 

 the flower is Apetalovs 

 (without petals). 



D. The Calyx (Gr. 

 chalice, cup), its parts 

 called Sepals, next out- 

 side the corolla. Often, when the petals of a flower are 

 separate, its sepals are united into a cup at base, as in the 

 Rose, the Cherry (Fig. 5, .'>), and the Apple. The calyx- 

 cup of the Rose becomes the red hip when ripe ; the calyx- 

 cup of the Apple becomes the fleshy part we call the fruit, 

 though strictly the fruit is the seed alone. The corolla and 

 calyx are called Floral Envelopes. They are always on the 

 torus. When there is but one floral envelope, as in the Lily- 

 of-the-V alley, or the Wood-rush, it is called a Perianth. 



jB. The Peduncle is a stalk on which the flower is often 

 raised, as in the Buttercup, Cherry, Rose, Cotton (Fig. 10). 



Fig. 9. — 1, vert. sec. of fl. of Buttercup (Ranunculiu 

 acris) ; prolonged cone-shaped torus in the centre, with 

 many pistils on its top ; stamens (with long filaments) 

 in whorls below the pistils ; petals next outside the 

 stamens (only three petals shown, others cut off); 

 sepals next out-ide the petals; only two seen. 2, 

 seed of Aconite, cut vertically, showing the very 

 small embryo, the large perisperm, and the thick- 

 ened testa. 8, diagram of Buttercup fl. 4, ripe fol- 

 licle (pod) of OQlumbine {AquAlagia), open at top. 5, 

 ripe akaine (one of the little pistils) of Buttercup, 6 

 pistils and part of stamens of Buttercup. 7, spurred 

 petal of Columbine. 



