MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



51 



on which Xerxes and his army crossed the Hellespont was fastened with 

 papyrus cables. 



85. The Sedge flowers are in spikes, the spikes often in 

 heads, or in umbels, as in the Papyrus. They are mono- 

 clinous or diclinous. Each flower is usually single in its 

 glume or glumes. There is 

 no perianth except . a few 

 bristles called Seta, and 

 these are often found want- 

 ing. Sometimes a glume is 

 transformed into a sort of cup 

 (Fig. 54, A), which envelops 

 the ovary and style ; it is 

 called Ferigynium (Gr. 

 around the woman). The 

 pericarp (ovary) is 1-celled, 

 1 -seeded ; it is separable from 

 the seed; but it does not 

 open at maturity; it is 

 therefore called an Akaine 



Fia. 53. — Papynta antiquorwn. Plants en- 

 tire. 



(Gr. a, not, kaino, I open) ; some- 

 times written Ahene, Achene, Ache- 

 nium (Fig. 54, B). The Grasses 

 and Sedges are styled Glumiferce, 

 or Husk-bearers. They are wind- 

 fertilized. 

 no. 64.-A, female flower of 86. Ths Wood-Rushes are still 



Sedge (Garex nparia), showing t. .' i , i . 



perigjnium. B, akaine of cui- grass-likc ui appearance ; but here 

 d™m™a™ccnto,cnt™rticau.v. ^j^^ perianth is flowcr-like (Fig. 55, 



a) ; the floral parts are three, or a multiple of three ; the 

 pericarp is dehiscent (L. opening) ; it is three- celled, each cell 

 with one or more seeds. The venerable Grass-trees of 

 Australia follow (Fig. 9(j). Other Orders lead on to the 



