56 



ACADEMIC BOTANY. 



flowers are therefore specially adapted not only to catch the wind, but 

 to hold out against its fury. The perianth is degraded (reduced in 

 size, number of parts, and quality), and consists of 2 small squamulaj 

 (Pig. 64, A, B, b 1, b 2); the stamens are 3 (there are 6 in Rice) ; 

 the ovary is 1-celled, 1-seeded, and closely applied to the seed (Pig. 

 6) ; but there are 2 stigmas (Pig. e4. A) ; we can see where the third 

 stigma belongs (Pig. 64, d 3) ; and in the Bamboo it still exists. The 

 number three is still apparent also in the palese ; the inner palea evi- 

 dently consists of two palese united (Pig. 

 64, a 2, a 3). 



Fig. 63.— a, diagram of fl, of Crown Imperial {fYUiUaria imperialU). B, do. of 

 fl. of Iris gennanica. C, do. of fl. of Canna indica. 



On the other hand, the Adherent Ovaries exhibit an opposite form 

 of specialization, particularly in the insect-fertilized flowers. 

 The Amaryllis Family has the sepals and petals (perianth 



parts) coherent into 

 a tube to which the 

 ovary is adherent 

 (Pig". 59) ; the sta- 

 mens are seated on 

 the upper part of 

 this perianth tube, 

 instead of being be- 

 low the ovary, as 

 in the Water-Plan- 

 tains, Lilies, and 

 Grasses. In the 

 Iris (Pig. 63, B) 

 there is the same 

 character, but the 

 stamens are re- 

 duced to three. In 



Fig. 64. — A, flower of Oats {Avena sn^iva), with the outer i,' -u - i .q 4.1; ' 

 palea removed ; the inner palea with 2 dark lateral lines, each wnicn includes tne 

 representing a midrib or vein. B, diagram of same : a 1, outer Canna (Pig. 63, C), 

 palea; a 'J, a s, inner palea, which consists of 2 coherent palese, ^q stamens are all 

 the outer points, a 2, a s, representing the midribs ;&l, 62, .^ „ -, , 

 the two squamulEe or perianth parts ; & 3, the place which the transiormeci to pet- 

 third squamula should occupy ; c, the three stamens ; di,d% als except one, and 

 the two stigmas ; d 3, the place which the third stigma should ^Jjjg jg -netaloid f net- 



''°°"''^' al-like), with only 



one anther-lobe. Pinally, in the cultivated Banana (Pig. 60), the .so- 

 called fruit is no fruit at all, but an adherent 3-celled pericarp, which 

 has become fleshy throughout, producing no seeds. 



