UPPER {SVPERTERRANEAN) STEM. 



81 



rooting: Crowberry ; Repent 

 (Creeping), prostrate and rooting : 

 White Clover, Ivy ; Sarmenta- 

 ceous, Sarmeniose, with long, 

 flexible twigs : Wistaria ; Scan-_ 

 dent, climbing other plants or ob- 

 jects. The Wistaria climbs by 

 coiling the ends of its sarmentose 

 twigs ; the Vine, by tendrils ; the 

 Virginia Creeper, by tendrils, 

 which it converts at will into 

 rootlets or holdfasts, thus be- 

 coming a true creeper. The Cle- 

 matis makes tendrils of its leaf- 

 stalks. Some plants climb by 

 twining the stem, like the Morn- 

 ing-Glory and Hop ; these are 

 called Voluble. 



165. Liana (Sp. lee-ah-na) and 

 liane (Fr. lee-ahn), words mean- 

 ing a rope or cord, are the names 

 given to all tropical climbers, but 

 especially to such as are woody 

 (Pig. 100). These names have 



rio. 100.— Tropical Lianas. 



long been adopted into the 

 English language, and sup- 

 ply a very great need. The 

 Wrightia, already mentioned 

 (lOlT; the Vani'lla Orchid ; 

 the liattan Palm ; the Smi- 

 lax ; the Yellow Jessamine ; 

 the Virginia Creeper ; the 

 Wistaria ; the Vine, are rep- 

 resentative lianas (Fig. 101). 

 166. .The term" Fime should 

 never be used to describe 

 scandent or running stems. 

 Vine is a generic name, like 

 Eose, Lily, etc. We might 

 as well say the Oummber 

 Rose, the Madeira Rose, as 

 to say the Cucumber-Vine, 

 the Madeira- Vine. The Cu- 

 cumber is a running plant; 

 the Madeira flower is a 

 twining plant ; these are in 

 no sense vines. Vine (which 

 means wine in Greek and Latin, whence the word is derived) is the name 

 of the woody climber that produces grapes. The name is misapplied 



/ 



101, — Wine-bearing Vine (Vitis vinifera); 

 branch with tendrils, leares, and fruit; separate 

 cluster (thyrse) of fla. and 2 separate staniens; 

 sep.'fl. with ovary and 5 stamens; sep. corolla 

 with 5 petals coherent at top. 



