92 



ACADEMIC BOTANr. 



132); Truncate, 

 square, aa if cut oflF ; 

 Tulip-tree. 



194. Leaf in- 

 cisions. Leaves 

 are Ckft, Parted, 

 Divided, Lobed. 



Fig. 123. — Accmthus i^iTioaus; 

 alized. 



leaf natural and conventiun- 



Cleft Leaves are 

 sharply cut half- 

 way, or more than 

 half-way, through the blade. They are Bifid (2-cleft), Trifd, as in 

 the Passion-flower (Fig. 155), Quinguefid, Multifid, etc., according to 

 the number of parts into which the leaf is cut. When the partitions 

 are regular, imitating a pinnate leaf (197), the leaf is Pinnatifid, as 

 in the Acanthus (Fig. 123). The ornament of the Corinthian cafiital 

 in architecture (second cut in Fig. 123) was suggested to the architect 

 and sculptor Callimachus (400 B.C.) upon seeing a basket covered by 

 a tile and overgrown with Acanthus leaves. When the partitions are 

 pinnately regular and slender, the leaf is Pectinate (L. pecten, comb). 

 The leaf is Pedate when its parts diverge from the base, imitating a 

 bird's foot ; Hellebore ; Runcinate when the segments turn backward ; 

 Dandelion (Fig. 142). 



Parted leaves are cleft nearly to the base or to the midrib ; the 

 terms Bipartite, Tripartite, Multipartite, etc., express the number of 

 parts. 



Divided leaves are cleft through to the base or to the midrib, leaving 



only a slight margin. When 

 finely divided, the leaf is Mul- 

 tisect ; it may then be Pinnae 

 tisect, as in the Chamomile, or 

 Palmisect, as in the Bleeding- 

 Heart (Fig. 124), or Laciniate 

 (slashed into coarse fringes), as 

 in the Dentaria. 



Lobed leaves have deep, 

 rounded incisions, as in the 

 Black Oak, which is sinuate- 

 lobed (L. sinus, a bay). The 

 Southern Mossy - cup White 

 Oak is lyrate; the terminal 

 lobe larger than' the others, 

 imitating a lyre. Bilobate, 

 Trilobate, etc., are terms 

 expressing the number of 

 lobes. 



195. Leaf-margins are : Cre- 

 nate, cut into rounded scal- 

 lops ; Ground Ivy ; Orispate, 

 Crisped, Curled, ruffled like a 

 flounce; Curled Mallow; Dentate, with sharp teeth pointing out- 



FlG. 124. — Bleeding-Heart {Dicenlra spectabilU). 



