112 ACADEMIC BOTANY. 



from the Anglo-Saxon Hcesil, a head-dress, on account of its turhan- 

 like cupula. 



242. Floral Colors. — Flower-Families almost invariably wear one 

 or the other of the primary colors yellow and blue ; their tints have one 

 or the other of these colors as a base, leading to the third primary 

 color red, thence to white, which is the absence of color. De Candolle 

 classed the floral colors in two groups : Xanthic (Gr. xanthos, yellow) 

 and Cyanic (Gr. kuanos, blue). Each group begins with green 

 (which results from the union of yellow and blue) and ends with red, 

 as follows : 



Yellow-green. 



Yellow. 



Yellow-orange. 



Orange. 



Orange-red. 



Eed. 



Green. 



Blue-green. 

 Blue. 



Blue- violet. 

 Violet. 

 Violet-red. 



LESSON XXII. 



CALYX— COEOLLA. 



243. Flower-forms. 244. Monopetal^. 245. Labiatae. 246. Poly- 

 petalse. 247. Papilionacese. 248. Forms of sepals and petals. 249. 

 Nectaries. 250. Neutral flowers. 251. Texture, persistence. 



243. Flower-Forms. — In a monopetalous corolla and a 

 monosepalous calyx the lower part is the Tube, the upper 

 part the Limh, or Border ; the part between these two is 

 the Throat. In a polypetalous corolla the upper part of 

 each petal is the Limb ; the lower part, when prolonged 

 and narrow, as in the Pink and Wall-flower, is the Claw, 

 or Unguis (L. claw). 



244. The monopetalous corolla and Tnonosepalous calyx are Calcarate 

 (Spurred) when pi-olonged into hollow projections, like spurs; corolla 

 of Pinguicula, calyx and corolla of Larkspur; Calyptrate, Calyptrv- 

 form, when the upper part of the calyx does not open at top, but 

 remains closed and pointed, like the calyptra of the Mosses ; in the 



