

THE WOMAN'S HOUSE. 127 



stalk being hidden by the coats ^testa and tegmen) ; this hidden part 

 V) is called the Raphe (Gr. seam) ; here the hilum (h) and the chalaza 



) are no longer coincident, but widely separated. The ovule of the 



uck-meat (Fig. 181, B) is Semi-nuatropous, or half-inverted. 



The ovule is Campy lotropous, or bent (G-r. knmpylos, bent), in the 

 Wall-flower (Fig. 181, U) ; here the base, or chalaza (c), is straight ; 

 the micropyle is brought close to it; the funiculus and hilum (/) are 

 C'lincident. 



289. The analogies between the reproductive and vegetative organs 

 are tlius traced by Sachs : 



When the ovule is single, erect, and orthotropous (thus terminating 

 the floral axis), it is a transformed stem, as in the Smartweed (Fig. 

 3, a) andOlax (Pig. 181, A); 



When the ovules have central placentation (thus growing laterally 

 from the floral axis), they are transformed leaves, as in the Primrose 

 (Fig. 5, i) and Pink (Fig. 179 F); 



When the ovules have strictly a'xile placentation (thus growing 

 from the margins of the carpel-leaves), as in the Pea (Fig. -5, e), the 

 Cherry (Fig. 179, A), and the Vochysia (Fig. 179, E), they are trans- 

 formed leaflets. 



He finds no clear analogy for dorsal and dissepimental ovules, but 

 sees a resemblance to the spore-cases of Lycopodium, which proceed 

 from the leaf-surface. 



290. Difference between the terms Ovule and Seed. — 

 Whilst the ovule is fitting itself to its permanent position 

 in the cell or ovary, the embryo-sac is developed, the em- 

 bryonic vesicle is formed, the stigma develops the delicate 

 papillfe (20) of its conducting tissue, which secrete a special 

 fluid, and all is made ready for the great work of fertiliza- 

 tion, or Embryogeny (Embryo-creation), which is the most 

 important in nature. Before fertilization the female organ 

 is technically an ovule; after fertilization it is technically 

 a seed. In the parthenogenesis of Hemp, Bryony, etc., 

 there is no fertilization ; but the distinctions remain, for 

 the organ is at first an ovule, then a seed. 



