NOMENCLATURE AND PRONUNCIATION. 177 



Jussieu, — the ascending scale, — upon which all branches of 

 Natural Science are now arranged, and which has always 

 been used on the Continent of Europe. The student will 

 find no difficulty, however, when he wishes to consult 

 Manuals or Catalogues of plants classified after the Candol- 

 lean method (descending scale), for the relationships and 

 succession are the same as in the ascending scale ; their order 

 only is inverted. 



430. Plants for a herbarium should be gathered whole, and, after 

 being carefully displayed, placed between layers of soft, blank bibu- 

 lous paper, — like ordinary newspaper; they should then be pressed 

 between smooth boards under weights making a uniform pressure, the 

 weights varying according' to the delicacy or the thickness of the plants. 

 The papers must be changed once in two or three days, — oftener in 

 very warm or moist weather. After drying, the plants can be fastened 

 to separate sheets of paper by means of narrow paper slips strapped here 

 and there across the stems and pasted down at each end. Every plant 

 should be placed in the herbarium according to its classification ; and 

 the whole collection of sheets should be preserved in portfolios suited 

 to their form. Where the fruit and flower are not ripe at the same 

 time, or where they are too dissimilar to be pressed together, the fruits 

 can be separately dried, tabulated, and placed conveniently so as to be 

 used for examination with the rest of the plant. The same may be 

 said of the root, wood, bark, and secretions. 



LESSON XXXV. 



RULES FOR NOMENCLATUEB AND PRONUNCIATION. 



431. Nomenclature. 432. Genera. 433. Species. 434. Initial 

 letters. 435 to 438. Rules for Pronunciation. 



431. Nomenclature (Terminology). — The names of Classes and 

 Orders, whether derived from the Greek, Latin, or any other lan- 

 guage, are treated as Latin Adjectives of the First Declension, Femi- 

 nine Gender, Plural Number, and Nominative Case, to agree with 

 Plantce the Latin nominative plural of Plania, a plant. For example : 

 Plants in the Exogenous Class are called Exogence ; se, the ending of 

 the Latin feminine plural, being suffixed to the Greek Exogen; and 



