SYNOPSIS OF CLASSIFICATION. 



Sbkies I. CryptoqXmia. Hidden Flowers. AcotylSidons. 

 Spores.— Plants with microscopic flowers. (^ called Antheridium, 

 containing Antherozoids. 9 called Oogonium in Seaweeds, Arche- 

 gonium in Ferns ; containing an Embryo which is one-celled, homo- 

 geneous (of one part only), without cotyledons, and which ripens into 

 a Spore. Reproduction by Fission and Cell-Division (Parthenogenesis 

 in a mother-cell), by Conjugation, and by Fertilization. Two Classes: 

 1. Thallogens. 2. Aerogens. 



Class I. Thallogens. — Spores naked. Structure cellular. Growth 

 peripheral — increasing at the circumference chiefly. No true stem nor 

 foliage. Vegetative part a thallus without stomata. Seaweeds, 

 Mushrooms, Lichens. 



Class II. Aerogens.— Spores covered. Structure both cellular 

 and vascular. O-rowth apical — increasing at the top chiefly. Stem 

 simple. Fronds, or Leaves, fork-veined, or subulate, and furnished 

 with stomata. Mosses, Ferns, Club-Mosses. 



Series II. PhanerogImia. Visible Flowers. Cotyledons. 

 Seeds. — Plants with visible (rarely microscopic) flowers. (^ called 

 Anther, containing Pollen-grains. 9 called Ooule, containing an 

 Embryo which is man3--celled, heterogeneous (of several different 

 parts), with one, two, or many cotyledons, and which ripens into a 

 Seed. Reproduction by Fertilization, very rarely by Parthenogenesis. 

 SiriJicture both vascular and cellular. Growth both apical and periph- 

 eral. Foliage distinct. Leaves fork-veined, subulate, parallel-veined, 

 and net-veined. Two Glasses: 1. G-ymnospfennse. 2. Angiospermae. 



Class I. Gymnospfermae — Ovule naked (without an ovary or 

 pericarp). Embryo with two or many cotyledons. Seed usually with 

 but one seed-coat. Stem excurrent, differentiated into pith, wood, and 

 bark, but not fully exogenous ; wood and bark nearly identical in 

 sti'ucture ; wood marked by circular disks. Leaves fork-veined, 

 parallel-veined, subulate, or needle-shaped ; never net-veined. Cj'cas, 

 Ginkgo, Pine. 



Class II. Angiosp6rmse. — Ovule covered by an ovai-y or pericarp. 

 Two Sub-Glasses: 1. Endogens, or Monocotyledons. 2. Exogens, or 

 Dicotyledons. 



Sub-Class I. Endogens. — Embryo with one cotyledon. Stem 

 composed of fibro-vascular bundles scattered, through a mass of cel- 

 lular tissue. Growth endogenous, by new tissues rising through the 

 centre ; no distinction of pith, wood, and bark. Leaves parallel- 

 veined, rarely with cross-veins netted. Floral parts ternary, rarely 

 binary (Eoxburghia). Grasses, Lilies, Palms. 



1 



