18 GYMNOSPERMJE. 



Tribe 2. Liycopodineae. — Described, Lesson VIII. 5 genera. 

 Terrestrial, except 2 and 3. 1. Phylloglossum. Lvs. subulate ; fr. 

 spicate, resembling Opbioglossum. Sev. spec; marshes. New Z. 

 2. Tmeslpteris, only gen., 1 spec; pendulous on tree-ferns, from 

 Pacific Isles to Cal. 3. Psilotum triguetrum, only gen. and spec. ; on 

 trees, but erect ; Brazil, Centr. Am., Southern U. S. 4. Lycopodium, 

 Club-Moss. 50 spec, cosmop., terrestrial. L. clavdium, stems 

 creeping, with short ascending branches. Dry woods, N., U. S. Fig. 

 40. L. earolinidnum, stems and branches creeping. Wet grounds, 

 N. J., S. L. dendroldeum, Gkound Pine; rhiz. Stems upright, 

 e'-S' high. Moist woods, IJ. S. Many other species in U. S. Lepi- 

 dodendron, fossil in Devonian, Pig. 84. BO or more allied species in 

 Carboniferous. Sigillaria, fossil in Carboniferous, Fig. 85. 6. Sela- 

 ginella (Lycop6dium of florists), spores colored, handsome; foliage- 

 spray flat, often with metallic shades. Many fine foreign species. 

 S. lepidophplla, Ebstjbebction Eosi, see Lesson VIII. Texas, 

 Mex., Cal. S. dpus, stems 2'-4' high, branching, delicate; wet 

 meadows, S. S. MarUnsii, spore sprouting, Fig. 41. 



SERIES II. PHANEROGAMIA.— Flowers visible and devel- 

 oped, producing a Seed with differentiated parts called Kadicle, Coty- 

 ledon, and Plumule, equivalent to Boot, Leaf, and Stem. (" The radi- 

 cle is not a root, but an axis of growth ; the root descends from its 

 base, the plumule rises from its apex." — Hooker.) It is more properly 

 called Tigellus, Tigella (Fr. tige, stem). 



aass I. GYMNOSPERM.ffi (GYMNOGENS). 

 Pine Alliance. — 1. Cycadicese. 2. Coniferae. 3. Gnetacese. 



Ord. 1. Cycadaceae, Cycads. — Fls. J* 9 1 terminal. Described, Les- 

 son IX. Low evergreen long-lived Trees, or Shrubs; without resin. 

 Stem simple, crowned with large palm-like leaves 1-2-3-pinnate and 

 often circinate in vernation. Pith abundant, surrounded with zones of 

 wood, each zone the result of several years' growth and not annual as 

 fn exogenous Angiospermse. Wood " composed of wood-fibres and 

 punctate, rayed, or reticulate vessels arranged in radiating lines sepa- 

 rated by medullary rays, and enveloped in a thiols layer of cortical 

 parenchyma." — L. and D. Sd. drupe-like, large, often edible. Fos- 

 sil in Carboniferous, thence upward. See Lesson XIII. 8 genera. 

 Tropics, both worlds. 



1. Cycas. — Stem 5°-20° high, 9 stouter. Lvs. pinnate. Several 

 species ; Australia, Polynesia, Asia. C. revoliUa, miscalled Sago 

 Palm; pith starchv, edible; Japan. 9 tree, Frontispiece, C; If., $ 

 fl.. Fig. 43. 2. Encephalartos, Cafpir Bread. Stem 15°-30° (?) 

 high. Lvs. pinnate, thick, spiny. 9 "^""^ used as food by the CafliTS. 

 Sev. spec. ; S. Af. 3. Zkmia. Stem low, stout, sometimes epiphytal. 

 Lvs. pinnate, spiny at the joints. Pith.edible. Sev. spec. ; Bahamas, 

 W. Ind., trop. Am., S. Af. Z. integrifblia, Comptie, Coontie, S. 

 Fla. 4. M&crozaniia. Stem 15°-20° high. Lvs. pinnate, rachis 

 twisted. Fls. in spikes ; 9 spike with but 2 fls. (ovules). Australia, 

 swamps near the sea. S. Ceratozimia, Horned ZXmia. Stem short, 

 globular. 9 °°"® consists of scales, each scale having a disk-like top 

 with 2 diverging horns. C. longifUia, pollen-grain. Fig. 47, B. Mex- 



