GVMNOSPERM^R 19 



ioo. 6. Dion ed-iile. Stem stout, woolly ; Ivs. pinnate, pinnse sword- 

 shaped, slinrp. $ cone as large as a child's head, woolly. Sds. large, 

 edible. Mexico. 7. Stangeria paradoxa. Stem short, napiform ; 

 Ivs. coai-se, pinnate. Natal, S. Af. 8. Bowenia spectdbilis (only 

 species). Stem thick, short, crowned with 1 or 2 large Ivs. ; petiole 

 terete, erect ; blade broad, spreading, bipinnatisect. S. Af. 



Ord. 2. Coniferse. Pines. — Fls. jj' 9 "'' cP- I''ossil in Devonian, 

 thence upward. 4 Tribes : 



Tribe 1. Yews. — Described, Lesson I X. Not resinous. Pis. ^"5; 

 axillary. Branches scattered, rarely whorled. 1. Salisbviria adinn- 

 tifolia, Ginkgo, Maidenhair Yew. Lvs. fern-like, fan-shaped, 

 fascicled, deciduous ; fr. drupe-like, large, edible. Tree 50° high, with 

 spreading branches. Hardy. Japan ; sacred, and planted near the 

 temples. Pig. 44. 2. Podocarpus. Lvs. large, linear, or ovate ; no 

 vein but the midrib. Fr. drupe-like, on a thick fleshy foot or stalk, 

 whence the name. P. macrophpUus, large stout tree, witli lai'ge 

 scattered lvs.; wood valuable in cabinet-work; P. latifblia, not so 

 large ; lvs. opp., lanceolate, evergreen. Both native to Japan. 3. Tor- 

 r6ya. Lvs. evergreen, needle-shaped, l'-2' long, 2-ranked. Fr. nut- 

 meg-like, perisperm ruminate. T. taxifolia, Stinkino Yew; hand- 

 some tree, 20°-50° high, but ill-scented. Florida. T. nucifera, Japan ; 

 T. californica, California; Nutmeg Yews; sds. yield oil. 4. Tdxus. 

 Lvs. evergreen, needle-shaped, dark green, 1' long, 2-ranked. Fr. 

 berry-like, with a red aril. T. baccdta, Yew. Low tree with short 

 spreading branches. Eur. Var. fastigidia, Irish Yew ; branches 

 appressed, making the tree columnar; var, canadensis, GtROUNd Hem- 

 lock ; stems spreading over the ground. N. IT. S. 5. Dacrydium 

 cupressinum, 100° high; D. taxifblium, 200° high; fine trees; D. 

 laxifblium, low shrub ; all of New Z. 



Tribe 2. Cypresses. — Fls. ^ ; rarely 9 d"- Eesinous, fragrant 

 trees or shrubs. Branches scattered. Lvs. usually evergreen ; linear, 

 subulate or scale-like; solitary, opp., or whorled. Described, Lesson 

 IX. 



A. Galbule scales decussate or whorled. 



1. Juniperus, Juniper. Pis. ? c? I C? axillary or terminal ; 9 

 axillary ; galbule berry-like. Lvs. subulate, evergreen, opp. or 

 whorled. J. virginidna, Virginia Juniper, Ked Cedar. Tree 

 large or of middle size ; sometimes shrub. Branches horizontal. 

 Wood red, valuable. J. Sablna, Savin, low, spreading. Native of 

 S. Europe. Introduced in Am. 2. Thiija. Arbor-Vit.e. Fls. ^P, 

 terminal; galbule oblong, soft, dehiscent. Lvs. evergreen, scale- 

 shaped. T. occidentdlis. Tree of moderate size ; planted in hedges. 

 N. U. S. Many nursery varieties. T. (Biota) orientdlis. Small 

 tree. China. Var. avirea has gold-tinted foliage. T. (Thujopsis) 

 dolabrdta, foliage spray flat, white underneath. Japan. 3. Callitris. 

 Fls. qP, terminal ; galbule valvular, dehiscent. Low evergreen trees 

 of Africa and Australia. Branches jointed, with scales at the joints. 

 C. quadrivdlms. Stout tree with straggling branches ; galbules with 

 4 valve-like scales ; wood mahogany color, used in mosques. Kesin is 

 the varnish Own Sdndarach ; powdered it is the Pounce of commerce. 

 Barbary. 4. Cupr6ssus. Cypress. Fls. ^f, (f^ terminal; 9 lateral ; 

 galbule globular, woody, dehiscent. Lvs. evergreen, small, subulate, 



