GTMNOSPERMJE. 21 



P. grdndis, G-KEAT Silver F. Foliage like last. Cones obtuse, 3'- 

 4' long, l'-2' broad. Tree 170°-200° high. Oregon, Cal. P. (Abies) 

 cephalonica. Cephalonian Silver F. Lvs prickly-pointed, spread- 

 ing. Tree 60° high. Cephalonia. P. balsdmea, Balsam F. Lvs. 

 crowded ; cones 2'-4'' long. Tree 30° high. Wet grounds, North. 

 U. S. P. Frdseri, Southern Balsam F. Similar to last ; cone V 

 long. Allegheuies. 



4. Xbies. Hemlock. Spruce. Lvs. linear, flat, or needle-shaped, 

 solitary, spreading. Cones terminal, nodding, scales persistent ; ma- 

 turing autumn of same year. A. (Tsiiga) Dougldsii, Douglas Hem- 

 lock. Cone 2'-8' long. Tall tree, Eoeky Mts. to Pacific. A. 

 (Tsviga) canadensis, Common Hemlock. Cones J'-f' long. Large 

 tree, N. U. S. A. Menziesii, Mbnzibs Spruce. Cones 3' long, soft. 

 Fine tree, Eocky Mts., W. A. dZ6a, White Spruce. Cones 2' long. 

 Tree 50° high ; foliage pale. Can. to Car. and Wis. A. nigra, Black 

 Spruce. Cones 1' long. Tree 70° high ; foliage dark. Can., N. TJ. S. 

 A. excelsa, Norway Spruce. Cones 7'-8' long. Tree 120°-180° 

 high ; foliage dark. N. Europe. Fig. 46. 



5. Pinus. Pine. Lvs. linear, needle-shaped, long, evergreen, fas- 

 ciculate, 2, 3, or 5 in a fascicle. Cones maturing autumn of second 

 year. 70 species. 



A. Fascicle with 5 lvs. Cones terminal, pendulous (except in Cembra), 



deciduous after shedding their sas. 



P. Lambertidna, Sugar P. Cones 12'-20' long. Lvs. 2'-5'' long- 

 Tree 150°-200° high, 8°-20° in diam. Cal., Oregon. P. excelsa, 

 Bh6tan p. Cones 10'-12' long. Lvs. 6^-8' long. Tree 90°-100° 

 high. Pollen, Fig. 4. Ind. P. Strobus, White P. Cones 5'-6' 

 long. Lvs. pale, 3'-4' long. Tree 100°-180° high. Wood white. 

 Canada to Va. P. Cembra, Swiss Stone P. Cones 3' long, erect ; 

 sds. large, edible. Lvs. 4' long. Tree 50° high, wood citron-scented, 

 valuable. Alps, N. to Siberia, S. to Italy and Prance. 



B. Fascicle with S, rarely i or 5 lvs. Cones lateral, persistent after 



shedding sds. ; scales hooked. 



P. CoHlteri, Coulter's P. Lvs. in 3's, 4's, or 5's, 9' long. Cones 

 oblong, solitary, 12'-15'' long, 6' in diam. ; scale-hooks large. Tree 

 80°-100° high. California, mts. P. Sabinidna. Lvs. in 3's or 4's, 

 ll'-14/ long. Cones ovate, 11' long, 18' in circumference, in whorled 

 clusters of 3-9 around the stem, persisting several years ; scale-hooks 

 large. Tree 110°-140° high. Coast mts., 'Cal. P. ^on^fi/oHa, Indian 

 P. Lvs. in 3's, 9'-18' long, pendulous. Cones ovate, 5'-9' long. 

 Tree 100°-120° high. Nepal, mts. P. austrdlis, Southern P., 

 Pitch P., Yellow P., S. Lvs. in 3's, 12'-15' long, beautiful bril- 

 liant green. Cones 7'-10' long, 4' thick; hooks short; sd. edible. 

 Tree 70°-100° high ; wood yellow, resinous, valuable ; yielding most 

 of the pitch and turpentine of commerce. Barrens, N. Car., south to 

 Florida. P. ponderbsa. Lvs. in 3's, 7'-14' long. Cones 3' long, 

 clustered. Wood very heavy. Northwest coast of N. America. P. 

 serbtina, PoND P. Lvs. 4'-8' long. Cones oval, 2'-3' long, in pairs. 

 Tree 35°-40° high. N. Car., S. P. rigida. Lvs. in 3's, 3'-5' long. 

 Cones ovate, 2'-3' long, clustered. Tree 12°-40° high in New Eng. ; 



