ENDOGENS. 35 



Palm Alliance. Fls. diclinous. Perianth 6-merous, 2-seriate (4- 

 merous in Cyclanthus), orO. Stamens 00. Spadix simple or branched. 

 Spatha various, or 0. Fr. a 1- rarely 2- or 00-seeded drupe or berry. 

 Large Herbs, Shrubs, or Trees ; with flabellate or pinnately divided, 

 rarely simple, Ivs. . 84. Pandanaces. 88. Palmacese. 



Ord. 84. Pandanacese. — JFls. small. Perianth 0, except in Cyclan- 

 thus. Stamens a>, sometimes grouped. Pr. a 1-seeded drupe or 00- 

 seeded berry. Perisperm copious ; fleshy, cartilaginous, or horny. 

 Large Herba, Shrubs, or Trees. 1, Pandanus, Sckbw-pinb. jJ* $. 

 Branching trees or large shrubs ; Ivs. ensiform, prickly, in screw-like 

 spirals crowning the stems. ^ spadix branched; flowers fragrant; 

 spatha phosphorescent (see Lesson XXXII., 405). $ spadix simple; 

 ova. l-celled, 1-seeded. Pr. of closely-cohering clusters of fibrous 

 drupes ; endocarp bony. 30 species, often with large aerial roots. 

 Asia, Pacific and Indian islands, W. Af., N. Australia. 



2. Freycinetia, only genus ; sev. spec. Malaysia, Pacific Islands. 

 Fls. (j^ 9 § • Perianth 0. Spatha yellow or red. Spadix globose or 

 oblong. Pr. a berry, 00-seeded. Lvs. narrow, spiny. Large Herbs 

 or Trees, erect or climbing. 3. Cycldnthus. Pis. J^ ; spadix cylin- 

 dric-oblong, the 2 sexes in alternate spiral bands around it ; fragrant. 

 Spatha 4-leaved. Stem contracted, lvs. fan-shaped, 2-cleft. Sev. 

 spec. S. Am. 4. Carludovica. Pis. ^, disposed in spiral squares 

 on a cylindric-oblong spadix ; spatha 2-leaved. 9 perianth of 4 scales, 

 each with 4 long tail-like staminodes ; stigma cross-like. Lvs. stifl', 

 plaited, deeply 2-5-fid. Stems often climbing; aeiial rts. rope-like. 

 C palmata, a stemless species, with lvs. 4° in diam., on stalks 6°-14° 

 long; lvs. furnish the fine straw for Panama hats. All the species 

 tropical Am. 5. Nipa frwtieans, only spec. Pis. ^, on a branched 

 spadix ; (^ with 3 sepals, 3 petals, 8 stamens, in the lateral branches ; 

 9 without perianth, in the terminal hd. of the spadix. Spatha poly- 

 phyllous. Ova. with 3 distinct carpejs. Pr. a head of drupes ; sds. 

 germinating in it. Trunk thick, short, spongy ; crowned with pin- 

 natisect lvs. 20° long. Coasts in Indian seas. Possil in Tertiary at 

 the mouth of the Thames. Allied genus, 6. Phyt61ephas mcicro- 

 cdrpa, IvoKY-NuT Palm. (^ 9 ■ Perianth divisions 2-seriate, un- 

 equal. (^ fls. with many fragrant stamens> on a fleshy simple spadix 

 4° long, spatha 4-5-leaved. 9 A^- ^ °i' '^> white, on a very short spadix, 

 spatha 1-leaved. Drupes 6 or 7, aggregated in a hd., each drupe with 

 6-9 large sds., the Ivory Nuts of commerce. 9 trunk creeping; (^ 

 erect ; crowned with long pinnatifid lvs. Northern parts of S. Am. 



Ord. 2S. Palmaceae. — Pis. small, diclinous, rarely 9 (CSrypha, 

 Sabal). Infl. axillarj'. Perianth of 6 2-seriate segments. Sta. 6, 

 rarely 3 or multiples of 3. Ova. 3, rarely l-celled, or of 3 separate 

 carpels. Styles short, free, or connate. Pr. various, 1-3-celled. Sds. 

 large. Emb. minute, peripheric. Perisperm fleshy or horny (central 

 portion milky in Cocoa-nut). Spadix usually branched. Spatha 

 herbaceous or woody, 1-leaved (2-leaved in Wettinia), or of several 

 bracts. Lvs. various, folded in vernation. Perennial woody plants, 

 with short or tall stems, crowned with leaves. Primary rt. decaying 

 early ; replaced by adventitious rts. which pierce the bowl-shaped base 

 of the stem and remain more or less above ground, often raising and 

 supporting the stem (" like the shrouds of a ship." — Hooker). Trop- 

 ical, both hemispheres; preferring (except Phoenix) moist regions. 



