46 ANGIOSPERM^. 



large oval plaited Ivs. in winter. Kich woods, Alleghenies, N. 3. 

 Bolboph^llum. 100 species, tropics of both worlds. Small, on trees 

 or overrunning the ground among mosses ; fls. resemble Dendrobium ; 

 but usually small ; in racemes, heads, or spikes. B. saltaiorium, 

 Dancing Orchid ; fls. racemed. See Lesson XXI., 238. 4. Dendro- 

 bium. Epiphytal. 200 species, 80 cultivated for their beauty. Varied 

 in size and habit. Flower as in Bolbophyllum ; lip fringed or crimped ; 

 often so transformed as to look like a ballet-dancer. Pis. often large, 

 variously colored ; sol., or in racemes or clusters ; often fragrant. 5. 

 Liparis. Species about equally terrestrial or epiphytal; one or two 

 in N. Am., Eur., the majority in Ind., Java. Fls. small; with free 

 lateral sepals and entire lip. L. lUiifblia, 2-leaved ; scape 6' high, with 

 about 20 purple-lipped fls. in a raceme. Damp woods. Can. to Car., 

 W. to Wis. L. Lceselii, yellow. Moist fields, Can., N. Eng., to Penn. 

 and Wis. 6. Mal&xis paludbsa, only species, near Liparis, but dififer- 

 ent in pollen-masses. Small, bulb epigeal from a rhizome ; Ivs. 3 or 

 4; fls. small, greenish yellow, racemed. Bogs, N. Eur., N. Asia. 7. 

 Masdev&llia. Epiphytal, small. Ehiz. creeping, Ivs. broad. Fls. 

 sol. on radical stalks ; sepals connate into a tube, their apices drawn 

 out into long tails ; petals free, minute, concealed, with the lip, within 

 the sepal-tube. Fls. of rich and varied colors, large, handsome. S. 

 Am. 



Ginger Alliance. — Fls. ij , very irreg. (reg. in Bromeliacese). Peri- 

 anth of 5-6, rarely 3, segments. Stamens'6; 1-5 antheriferous (all 

 antheriferous in Bromeliacese) , the rest petaloid. Ova. usually 3-celled 

 (often free in Bromeliaeeaa). Fr. a berry or capsule. Perispenn floury. 

 Emb. distinct. 39. Bromeliacea. 40. Scitaminese. 



Ord. 39. Bromeliacese. PlNAS. — Fls. §, reg., or nearly so. Peri- 

 anth 6-partite, 2-seriate, inner series petaloid. Stamens 6, perfect; 

 free or connate; more or less adh. to perianth. Ova. adh., semi-adh., 

 or often free. Stigmas 3, various in form, sometimes petaloid Fr. a 

 berry or caps. ; sds. oo. Emb. extruded ; straight or hooked. Woody, 

 perennial Plants, usually stemless, with rhizome ; usually epiphytes. 

 Lvs. sheathing, stiff", channelled, often dentate or spiny; If.-fibremade 

 into twine, or manufactured into cloth. Fls. showy, each with a 

 scarious or colored bract (except .iEchmea), spiked, racemed, or panicled. 

 28 known genera; 176 species. Tropics of Am., distributed thence to 

 Old Worid. 



1. Till4ndsia. Epiphytal on trees. Southern TJ. S., trop. Am., W. 

 Ind. Ova. free. Fr. capsular ; sds. plumose. Fls. bracteate, scattered; 

 sepals spirally twisted ; petals convolute into a tube below. Stems 

 long or short. Lvs. scurfy, often with dilated base, holding pure 

 water. Many species. T . utriculata. Stem 2°-3° high. Lvs. dilated, 

 holding water; fls. with pale blue petals. Texas, tropical Am., W. 

 Ind. T. usneoldes, Trek-Beard, Long-Moss, Spanish Moss. Stem 

 long, branching, filiform ; used for mattresses ; lvs. linear ; petals green, 

 recurved. S. States, trop. Am., W. Ind. 2. GuzmAnnia. Ova., fls., 

 fr., sd., as in Tillandsia, but petals quite rolled into a tube, and anthers 

 connivent into a tube. Sev. spec. ; trop. Am. Stemless. G. tricolor, 

 lvs. dark green, with transverse brown bands underneath. Fls. bracteate, 

 concealed by the scarlet bracts, in a flat, spatula-like spike. 3. .ffichmea. 

 Ova. adh. Fr. a berry. Usually epiphytal on trees in dense forests, 

 trop. Am. Sev. spec. Stemless. Lvs" ensiform or ligulate. Fls. 



