54 ANOIOSPERM^. 



Pepper Alliance. — Ova. free, usually 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Perianth 

 rudimentary or 0. Infl. spicate or racemose. 9. Ceratophyllacese, 

 10. Chloranthicese. 11. Saururaceae. 12. Piperaceae. 



Ord. 9. Ceratophyllacese. Hornworts. — Fls. (f-, achlamyd. ; in- 

 volucrate. Sta. oo. Anthers buried in a cellular mass, rupturing irregu- 

 larly. Fr. a nut. Perisperm 0. Plumule green, polyphyllous, equal- 

 ling the cotyledons. Only gen. Ceratophyllum. Aquatic, sub- 

 merged, branched Herbs ; stem jointed ; Ivs. whorled, dissected. Few 

 species, stagnant water. Eu., Asia, N. Am. C. demersum, N. Y. to 

 Va., W. to 111. 



Ord. 10. Chloranthacese. — Fls. § or diclinous, achlamyd. Ova. 

 1-celled. Fr. u drupe, fleshy. Emb.. minute. Perisperm copious. 

 Small evergreen T>-ees or Undershrubs, rarely Herbs ; aromatic ; Ivs. 

 simple, dentate, rarely entire. Sev. gen., chiefly tropical. 1. Hedy- 

 bsmum, resinous shrubs. Trop. Am., Brazil. " 2. Chlordnthus, fra- 

 grant shrubs. C. qffichidlis, Java C. inconspicuus, Chu-lan; fls. 

 used to perfume tea. China. 



Ord. 11. Saururaceae.— Fls. g , achlamyd. Sta. 3-6. Ova. free, or 

 sometimes adh., 3-5-celled, or 1-celled, with parietal placentation. 

 Perisperm mealy or horny. Emb. in the vitellus. Fr. follicular, or 

 baccate. Aquatic or land Herbs. Stem jointed-knotted ; Ivs. entire, 

 usually cordate ; 5 gen. — reducible perhaps to 2 — both worlds. 1. Hout- 

 tuynia. Fl. spicate. H. corddta, curious and handsome. Cochin 

 China. Other species in Japan, trop. Asia. 2. Sauriirus, Lizakd- 

 TAiL ; terminal spike of small white-stamened fls. Marshes. S. 

 cernuus, U. S. and Can. 



Ord. 12. Piperaceae. Peppers. — Pis. g or (j^ ?, achlamyd., in 

 simple or fascicled spadices, with or without bracts. Sta. 2-3-6- oo. 

 Ova. 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Berry dry or fleshy. Perisperm fleshy. 

 Emb. minute, in the vitellus. Annual or perennial Herbs or Shrubs, 

 aromatic, usually succulent ; stems sometimes climbing. Lvs. simple, 

 entire, opp. or whorled. 20 gen., 600 spec, hot regions, both worlds. 



1. Cubeba. (^ 9- Shrubs, usually climbing. Fruit appearing 

 stalked, from the withering of its lower part. C. officindlis, berries 

 the CiTBEBS of pharmacy. Java. 2. Peperomia. An extensive 

 genus ; species varied ; some handsome foliage-plants. Cent, and S. 

 Am., Sandwich Islands, S. Af., B. Ind. 3. Chavica. Shrubs. Fls. 

 diclinous. C. Roxburghii, C. officindrum, unripe spikes of fls., dried, 

 are the Long-Pepper of commerce ; C. Betle, Betel Pepper. 

 Climbing shrub. Lvs. wrapped about slices of the Areca nut and 

 chewed. (See Areca.) Equatorial Asia. 4. Piper (old Hindoo name). 

 Pepper. Fls. § or diclinous by arrest ; many species, usually climb- 

 ing shrubs. Ind. Arch., Sandwich Islands. P. nigrum, climbing 

 20°-30° ; ripe berries red, black when dry, and called Peppercorns ; 

 they are the Black Pepper of shops. Stripped of the outer skin 

 they become White Pepper. Cultivated in both tropics. 



Euph6rbia Alliance. — Fls. g or diclinous. Mono- or achlamyd., 

 rarely dichlam;^d. Infl. various. Ova. free, 2- oo-celled. Disk devel- 

 oped or 0. Fr. usually caps., 1-oo-celled. Perisperm present, various. 

 13. Lacistemaceae. 14. Geissolomaceae. 15. Penaeaceae. 16. Eu- 

 phorbiaceae. 



Ord. 13. Lacistemalceae.— Fls. ? SJ Ji or J3. Perianth 4-parted, 

 minute. Infl. spicate. Sta. 1. Ova. 1-celled. Drupe with 3-valved 



