EXOGENS. 59 



valuable. N. Eng. to 111., S. B. pumila, Dwarf B. 2°-6° high. 

 Lvs. long-petioled, obovate or orbic, serrate. Pig. 69, B. Mts., N". 

 States to Hudson's Bay. B. nana, Tiny Birch. 6'-3° high. Lys. 

 orbic, crenate. White Mts. to Hudson's Bay ; Scotland, Sweden, 

 Lapland, Bussia. 



Nettle Alliance.— ^Fls. diclinous (g in Ulmacese), monochlamyd., 

 rarely achlamyd., isostemonous. Ova. free, 1-cellea (2-oelled in Ul- 

 macese). Ov. sol. Fr. usually an akaine or samara. Perisperm pres- 

 ent or 0. 22. Urticacese. 



Ord. 22. Urticaceae. Nettles. — 4 Sub-Orders : 



Sub-Order 1. Ulmacese. — Fls. § or 9 § cf' ™onochlamyd. ; 

 fascicled or sol., racemed or panicled. Ova. 1-2-celled. Fr. a samara 

 or nut. Perisperm 0. Trees or Shrubs. Lvs. simple, serrate, penni- 

 nerved, stipulate. 12 gen., temp, regions, N. hemisphere. 1. Planera 

 Richdrdi, Zelkoua Tree. 76°-80° high, 4° in diam. Pis. fragrant, 

 sol. Wood valuable. Western Asia. P. aqudtiea. 30°-40° high. 

 Fls. clustered. Swamps, N. C. to Ga. 2. iJlmus, Elm. Fls. ^, 

 clustered. Fr. a samara. Wood valuable, used in ship-building, and 

 from immemorial time made into troughs for conducting the water of 

 salt-springs (Saxon Wych, salt-spring). The term Wych was once given 

 to all Brit. elms. — Gen. and spec, not well discriminated. 2 types : 

 A. U. campestris, Field E., Common E. 60°-80° high. Many vari- 

 eties ; timber trees and ornamental trees. Medit. States, but natural- 

 ized throughout Eur. U. americdna, White E. 50°-100° high. 

 U. S. and Can. U. raeembsa, fl. clusters racemed (N. Eng., W.), 

 and U. aldta, Winged E., WhXhoo (Va. to 111., S.), branches broadly 

 corky-winged. B. U. momiana, Wtch E., Scotch E. 609-120° high, 

 5°-17° in diam. N.Eur. Many varieties. U./^Zijia, Bed E., Slip- 

 pery E. 20°-40° high ; bark mucilaginous. Common, V. S. 3. 

 Celtis, LoTE Tree, Nettle Treb. Fr. a small black drupe, deli- 

 ciously sweet, once thought to be the Lotus of the Lotophagi, which, 

 however, belongs to Khamnaceje. C. ausirdlis, Lote Trek, Honey- 

 berry. 30°-50° high. Medit. States. Wood valuable, made into 

 flutes, whip-handles, etc. C. occidentdlis, Hackbekry. 40°-70° high. 

 N. Eng., S. and W. 



Sub-Ord. 2. Cannabinacese. — Fls. 9 S'l monochlamyd. ; (^ ra- 

 cemed or panicled, ^ strobiloid. Fr. an akaine (Hop) or caryopsis 

 (Hemp). 2 monotypic genera. Herbs. Lvs. serrate. 'Temp, regions, 

 Old World, cult, everywhere. 1. Hiimulus Lupulus {Lupus of Pliny), 

 Hop. Et. perenn. Stems ann., rough, twining high. Lvs. cordate. 

 3-7-lobed. Sev. var. 2. Cannabis satlva, Hemp, Hasheesh. Erect, 

 ann., 4°-20° high. Lvs. digitate, 5-7-lobed. Bark makes Hemp. 

 Dried lvs. are Hasheesh ; fresh lvs. yield the resin Churras ; both 

 smoked in pipes, and very intoxicating. Ind., Af. Several varieties. 



Sub-Ord. 3. Mor^cese. — Fls. ? jf> or ^f . Monochlamyd. (achla- 

 myd. in Dorst^nia). Fr. multiple, accrescent. Trees, Shrubs, or Herbs ; 

 juice milky. 31 gen., 253 spec. 1, Broussonfetia papyrifera. Paper 

 Mulberry, 9 J'. Low, mulberry-like trees. China, japan, S. Sea 

 Islands. 2. Morus, Mulberry. Fls. usually ^ ; in separate spikes ; 

 lvs. large, coarse, cordate, entire or lobed. Sev. spec. M. nigra. 

 Black M. 30°-40° high ; fr. black, delicious. Levant. M.r&Sra, Red 

 M. 40°-80° high ; fr. red, edible. IT. S. M. alba, White M. Low 

 tree, fr. white. Lvs. fed to silk-worms. Native of the province Seres, 



