86 ANGIOSPERM^. 



2. Vern6nia. Q, Qj. herbs ; erect or climbing shrubs, sometimes small 

 trees. 400 spec, both worlds, warm regions, chiefly Am. Hds. with 

 few or many fits., red- or rose-purple or blue, in term, cymes or 

 panicles. Many spec, in XT. S. ; all % herbs. V. noveboracensis, 

 iRONWEED ; rts. cord-like, strong, nearly ineradicable. Coarse, 6°-6° 

 high, branching at top ; hds. red-purple, showy. Common. U.S. 



Ord. 70. Dipsaceae.— Hds. of Gompositse, but fls. §. Corol. 

 irreg., 3-4-fid or :J-labiate. Sta. QJ., often unequal, rarely 2-3, epipetal- 

 ous ; free, or filaments rarely diadelphous. Ova. 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; 

 sometimes free. Fr. a utricle. Herhs or Undershrubs. Q, %. Lvs' 

 opp. or whorled. 6 gen., 170 spec, Medit. States, S. Af. 1. Scabiosa. 

 % herbs ; fls. in large hds. S. succlsa, Devil's Bit. 1° high ; fls. 

 violet ; rt. prsemorse, medicinal. Eur. S. ntropurpiirea, Mourning 

 Bride, 2°-4° high, hds. dark purple. 2. Dipsacus, Teasel. @. 

 Whole plant (especially hds.) prickly. D. sylvhtris, 4°-6° high, hds. 

 large. Eur., Asia. D. fuUbnum, a variety, Fuller's T. ; hds. used 

 to raise the nap on cloth. Fig. 105. 



Ord. 71. Calyceracese.— Characters of Gompositse ; but filaments 

 monadelphous ; anthers syngenesious at base; corol. marcescent. 

 Small, O Ql herbs. 8 gen., 20 spec, S. Am., Brazil to Magalhaens; 

 chiefly in Chili. 1. Calycera. 2. Boopis. Chili. 



Ord. 72. Valei-ianaceae.— Characters of Dipsaceae; but filaments 

 free ; sta. 5-4-3-1 ; ova. 3-celled ; fls. usually corymbose or panicled. 

 Fr. dry, indehisc, 3-1-celled, always 1-seeded. Herbs. Qi 'with scent- 

 less rts., or %, with scented rhiz. "l2 gen., 150 spec, temp, climates, 

 mts. of N. hemisphere and S. Am. 1. Valeriana. Ehiz. ; fls. in 

 term, panicles or hds. ; white or red ; calyx plumose, persistent. 

 Many fine species, both worlds. V. officinalis, rhiz. medicinal ; Eur. 

 2. Centr4nthus. Similar to 1, but corol. spurred; fls. in corymbose 

 panicles, unilaterally arranged. Q %■ S. Eur. C. rOber, Jupiter's 

 Beakd; fls. red. 3. Nard6stachys. Corol. reg,, spurless; calyx 

 5-cleft, leafy; fls. corymbose. Rhiz, very fragrant, N . Jatamdnsi, 

 Nard, Spikenard of Scripture ; rhiz. sending up manv fl.-stems. 

 E. Ind. 



Honeysuckle Alliance. — Fls, g , rarely diclinous, Corol, reg, or 

 irreg,, tubular, 2-4-5-6-merous, isostemonous. Calyx never pap- 

 pose, Sta, epipetalous. Ova, 2- oo -celled; cells l-oo-ovuled, Infl, 

 various. Boll, drupe, or berry. Lvs, opp,, usually stip. Shrubs oj 

 Trees, rarely Herbs. Many beautiful and valuable spec 73. Rubi- 

 acex. 74. Caprifoli^cese. 



Ord. 73. Rubiaceae.— Characters of Alliance, 330 gen,, 2800 

 spec. Both worlds; many trop. 25 Tribes, in 3 Sections, Types 

 given. 



1. Ovules sol. in each cell. Fr. l-2-i-5-celled ; dry or fleshy. 



Tribe 1, Herbs, Lvs, and stip, similar, whorled, Fls. 4-5-merous. 



1. Asperula. St, square ; fls, white, pink, blue, or yellow, Sev, 

 pretty spec. Eur. A. odordta, Sweet Woodruit, Woodrowel ; fls. 

 white, in peduneled clusters ; lvs. and fls. fragrant. Fig. 110, Eur, 



2. Crucianella. Sev, spec, Eur,, Asia. C. stylbsa, fls. pink; Persia. 



3. Galium, Cleavers, Our Lady's Bedstraw; st. square; lvs. with 

 prickly hairs ; fls. white ; fr. often red ; stems straggling, straw-like ; 



