EXOQENS. 91 



Helwingia ruscifolia. Fls. diclinous, apet., 3-4-merous, small, clus- 

 tered on the niidribs of the entire alt. Ivs. Drupe small. Low shrub. 

 Japan. 6. Fitsia. Fls. fj or 9 § d'l 4-6-raerous, small ; umbels 

 paniculate. Drupe small. F. papyrifera, Eioe-Papkr Tree Lvs. 

 5-7-lobed, 1° long ; panicles terminal, drooping, l°-3° long. Pith 

 the valuable Rice-paper of commerce. Tree 20°-30° high. Fig. 225. 

 Swampy forests of Formosa Island. 7. Panax. Fls. umbelled; lvs. 

 palmate, petioles sheathing. Herbs, shrubs, trees, N. Asia, Am. P. 

 Schinseng, Ginseno. 2|. herb ; rt. fleshy, medicinal. China. P. 

 quinquefblium, American" G. ; similar; berries scarlet. Can., TJ. S. 

 8. Aralia. Fls. ? § (^, 5-merous,' small, whitish, umbelled; drupe 

 5-10-seeded. Lvs. various ; simple, oftener compound. Trees, shrubs, 

 herbs, both worlds. A. spinbsa, Spiny A., Tear-blankbt, Devil's 

 "Walking-stick, Hercules's Club. Stem palm-like, IC-SO" high, 

 armed with spines ; crowned at top with immense, spreading, 2-3-pin- 

 nate lvs. 4°-6° long, and an umbellate panicle larger still. Drupes 

 dark. Penn., Ohio, to Gulf of Mex. A. raiirficaiife, American Sar- 

 saparilla. Ets. aromatic, long, slender, horizontal, used as the true 

 Sarsaparilla {Smilax S); stems 1° high, naked, crowned with 3-7 

 umbels; If. sol., radical, ternate-quinate. Drupes black. Can. to 

 Fla., S. and W. Sev. other Am. spec. 



Ord. 77. Umbelliferae. — Fls. SJ , rarely diclinous by arrest ; small, 

 5-merous, umbellate, rarely capitate ; white, yellow, rarely pink or 

 blue ; calyx often nearly ; petals usually inflexed. Carpels 2 ; fr. 2 

 mericarps, forming a cremocarp (Lesson XXIV.). Herbs, I'arely 

 Shrubs; often strong-scented; stem fistular or pithy. Lvs. alt.; 

 petiole dilated at base; blade usually cut; rarely entire. A very 

 natural Order. 303 gen., 1500 spec. ; northern parts of N. hemisphere, 

 rare in S. hemisphere, few in tropics. 9 Tribes, in 3 Sections ; tribal 

 distinctions in fiiiit. 



Section 1. — Umbels compound. Furrows thickened over vittae. 



Tribe 1. 1. Thipsia. Lvs. 3-pinnate, dissected. Ets. medicinal, 

 sometimes poisonous QJ. herbs. Sev. spec, S. Eur., Asia. T.Silphion, 

 Asadulcis, gum-resinous. Levant. Tribe 2. 1. Daucus Carbt", 

 Carrot. @. Lvs. pinnatisect; rt. fleshy, yellow, edible. Eur. 2. 

 Cuminum Oymmum, Cumin. (2). Fennel-like. Sds. aromatic. 

 Egypt, Asia. 3. Cori4ndrum sativum, (only spec). Coriander. 

 O ; 18' high, lower lvs. pinnatifld, upper pinnatisect. Sds. fetid, 

 becimiing aromatic when dry, S. Eur., Levant. 



Section 2 Umbels compound. Primary ridges only conspicuous. 



Tribe 3. 1. Pastinica satlva, Parsnip. @. Lvs. pinnate, large ; 

 fls. j'ellow. Et. fleshy, cream-white, edible. Eur. 2. Narthex Asa- 

 foetida. 2|., tall ; rts. furnish the drug Asafceiida. Thibet, Persia. 

 3. Ferula, sev. spec. Old "World. F. communis, Giant Fennel. 

 Qj., 1-5° high; pith used as tinder. Medit. States. 4. Opopanax 

 Chirdnium. %, 6°-'7° high ; yields a milky, medicinal gum-resin. 

 S. Eur. 5. Heracleum, t!ow Parsnip. Q|., coarse, bold-growing; 

 fls. white, lvs. comp. Many spec. H. giganUum, 12°-20° high, 1° 

 in girth. Siberia. H. landtum, 4°-8° high, rt. edible. N., U. S. 

 Tribe 4. 1. Angelica syl.vestris, %, 5°-6° high, fragrant ; large, 

 comp. lvs. ; large umbels of fls., white, pink-tinged. Eur. Gigantic, 

 tree-like spec, in Kamtschatka. A. Cnriisii, 3° high, %. Characters 

 of type. Mts., N. C, B. Tenn., \a. 2. Archangelica ^ ■ ='-- 



