EXOGENS. 93 



LAND SpiMACH, 0, edible, which is found in Japan as well as New 

 Z. and S. Am. 2. Mesembryinthemum. Fls. g , reg. ; cal3'x 

 5-2-8-partite ; petals oo, linear, of various colors, usually opening at 

 noon ; sta <x> ; ova. adh., 4-20-carpelled ; stig. 4-20, cristate. Boll 

 fleshy, becoming dry and dehisc. ; sds. oo. bucculent plants, with 

 showy Ivs. and fls. Nearly 400 spec, hot, sandy plains, Old World, 

 chiefly at Cape of G. Hope. M. crystallinum, Ice-Plant. Q, ®; 

 Ivs. broad ; whole plant covered with glittering, watery pustules 

 Canaries, Greece, Cape of G. H. M. dotabriforme, Fig-Marigold, 

 woody-stemmed; fls. yellow; M. speetdbile, similar fls. pink; Cape 

 of G. H. 



Ord. 79. Cactacese. — Fls. § . Sepals and petals oo. Sta. oo. 

 Ova. adh. Berry 1-celled, oo-seeded, smooth, or ■ with spines or 

 bristles, from whose axils branches are often, developed. Shrubs or 

 Trees with watery or milky juice ; stem fleshy ; Ivs. usually 0, indi- 

 cated only by a cushion under the bud. Fls. large, usually sol. ; 

 showy, evanescent. 18 gen., 800 spec, all American. 2 Tribes : 



Tribe 1. Calyx-tube not produced beyond the ovary. St. branched, 

 jointed. 1. Pereskia. 12 species, several with woody stems and de- 

 veloped Ivs. P. aeuledta, Bakbadobs Gooskberky Treb. 15°-18° 

 high, St. woody, spiny ; branches trailing ; Ivs. oblong, elliptical ; fls. 

 large, white, clustered; berries yellow, edible. W. Ind. 2. Opuntia, 

 Prickly-Pear. St. and branches usually thick, flat, leaf-like in 

 form ; Ivs. rudimentary, one under each tuft of bristles or spines on 

 the branches ; fls. yellow or orange-red, satiny in texture fr. pear- 

 shaped; spiny. 150 species, chiefly trop. O. brdsiliensis, tree-like, 

 leafless, 10°-15° high, branches short, flat; pear edible. Brazil. O. 

 Tuna, similar, 20°-25° high, pears very sweet. Trop. Am. ; culti- 

 vated round the world. O. Rafinesquii, low, spreading, jointed ; 

 branches 4'-8' long, broad, flat, spiny-bristly ; fls. yellow, red in cen- 

 tre. W. and S., TJ. S. O. vulgaris, similar, branches smaller, spines 

 few, pear smooth, edible. Common. U. S. 2. Nopalea. Similar, 

 but main stem taller, and red fls. not so wide open. N. {Opuntia) 

 cochiniUifera (ovcoccinellifera), Cochineal Cactus ; st 8°-10°high; 

 supports the Cochineal insect. Mex., W. Ind. Fig. 102. Tribe 2. 

 Calyx produced beyond ova. St. rarely leafy. 1. Cereus. Many 

 fine spec. ; stems columnar ; trees, or climbers, or low, trailing; often 

 night-blooming. C. giganUus, 60° high, branches columnar, erect ; 

 New Mex. C. grandiflbra, st. climbing, rooting, fls. night-blooming. 

 W. Ind. 2. Echinocactus, Hedgehog Cactus. Sev. spec, S. W., 

 U. S., Brazil. 3. Melocactus, Melon C. St. melon-shaped. W. 

 Ind. 4. Mamillaria, Nipple Cactus ; st. l°-5° high, with nipple- 

 like tubercles. Sev. spec, Nebraska, Texas, Mex. 



Passion-flower Alliance. — Fls. usually reg. ; g or diclinous. Ova. 

 usually adh., synearpous, 1-celled; placentas parietal; sometimes 3- 

 or more-celled by the produced placentas. Styles distinct or connate. 

 80. Datiscaceae. 81, Begoniaceae. 82. Cucurbitaceae. 83. Passi- 

 floracese. 84. Turneracese. 85. Loasaceae. 86. Samydaceas. 



Ord. 80. Datiscaceae.— Fls. J" ?, rarely § or jf | ? ; small, 

 greenish. Corolla 0. Ova. adh. Calyx 3-9-fid ; sta. 3-15. Boll 1- 

 celled, oo-seeded. Herbs or Trees; Ivs. pinnate, orpalminerved ; exstip. 

 8 gen., 4 spec 1. Tetrameles Horsfieldii, only spec. ,^ $. Large 

 tree; Ivs. sometimes lobed ; fls. spicate ; Ind., Java. 2, Octomeles, 



