necessarily is limited—it was 8.5 percent of the 
total area in 1912—it becomes all the more 
important locally to take good care of what 
forest there is. And this the Danes have been 
doing for something over a century. Denmark 
imports rather than exports unmanufactured 
lumber. All that the Danish forests produce 
is needed for home consumption. It follows 
naturally that forestry in Denmark is intensive, 
and it is because this is so that gives to the for- 
est work of the Danes the interest that rightly 
attaches to it. 
The total area of Denmark proper, excluding 
the Faroe Islands and Iceland, is 39,033 square 
kilometers (14,866 square miles). The forest 
area is about 333,000 hectare, or 822,500 acres. 
The population of Denmark in 1920 was reck- 
oned as about three and one half million. To 
these figures must now be added the area and 
population of that part of Schleswig-Holstein 
that the Great War restored to Denmark. The 
at Viborg in Jutland, the peninsula that consti- 
tutes the western portion of Denmark. While 
not directly applicable to America these several 
phases of forestry are all of interest and worthy 
of comment. 
In connection with the use of the forest as 
royal game preserves, methods of definite for- 
est management began to be introduced about 
the middle of the seventeenth century, so that 
it was no new departure when under the in- 
fluence of a German forester, Georg von Lang- 
en, a definite forestry policy was set up in 1763 
that paved the way for the enactment in 1805 
of a forestry law that is today still in full 
force and eifective operation. Along with the 
work in the forest came the early establish- 
ment of a Forest School (1784), so that the 
Danes make the proud claim to be the first of 
the Scandinavian countries to get forestry 
really under way. The forest experiment sta- 
tion work dates from 1882, reorganized and 
expanded in 1901 and 1910. 
The forest law of 1805 was a comprehensive 
PINE FOREST 
IN NORWAY 
—TIMBER 
PILED IN 
FGREGROUND 
Danes call this region “Sénderjylland” (South 
Jutland). The area is about 3,900 square kilo- 
meters (1,506 square miles). The population 
in 1910 was 166,600. 
In common with the other Scandinavian 
countries many persons from Denmark have 
emigrated to the United States. For the period 
from 1880 to 1910 the average per year was 
around 6,000. Some of course have returned. 
At the leading hotel in Esbjerg—the main 
port on the west coast of Jutland—the pro- 
prietor, the head waiter and the porter are all 
American citizens. 
FORESTRY LAWS 
AND OPERATION 
The outstanding points about forestry in 
Denmark are its historical basis, certain fea- 
tures of its forest laws, the work of its forest 
experiment station, and in particular the 
activities of the Danish Heath Society—a quasi 
public association that has its headquarters 
act that dealt with many phases of forestry. 
Among other things, it provided for the extin- 
guishment of the ancient rights of user, or serv- 
itudes, that so interfered with the proper man- 
agement of forest. properties; it directed that 
all grazing animals should be excluded from 
the forest; it provided through a cadaster, or 
elaborate land survey, for the determination of 
what were the areas that should be kept per- 
manently as forest, as distinct from agricul- 
tural land, and by regulations led to the actual 
demarkation of these lands on the ground by 
the erection of earth mounds, some 4 or 5 feet 
high, that are still a characteristic feature of 
the Danish forests. It had other provisions as 
well, but perhaps the most important of alk 
from the standpoint of policy, was that no one 
who purchased forest land could cut it during 
a period of 10 years except with the approval of 
a state forester, who was to mark the timber 
to be removed. The purpose of this clause was 
to prevent speculation and to perpetuate the 
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