94 MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS 



lighter colored (yellow -brown). The plants are several times as 

 large as those of Ceratodon, often reaching a height of two or 

 three inches. Note also the difference in habitat. 



When not in fruit, this species frequently bears on the end of 

 the stem a number of long slender pseudopodia, which, when 

 young, bear clusters of gemmae at their ends. These gemmae 

 serve to reproduce the plant asexually and may account for the 

 rather infrequent appearance of the sporophyte. 



The capsules mature in early summer. 



A. HETEROSTiCHUM (Hedw). B. & S. looks so much like a 

 Mniwm that it might well be called the Ribbed Mnium. It is 

 common on rich moist soil (not wet) in woods, especially about 

 the bases of trees. The ribbed, or wrinkled, capsules and broad 

 Mnium-like leaves, coarsely serrate and without border, are its 

 distinguishing marks. The spores mature in early spring, but 

 the young " lances " are well started in the preceding autumn. 

 When thoroughly dry the capsules are more strongly wrinkled 

 and more contracted under the mouth than is shown in the 

 plate. 



Family i6. BarTRAMIACEAE. Apple Moss Family. 



HE plants of this family mostly grow on rocks that 

 are moist or in many cases, very wet. The capsules 

 are subspherical when moist, but are strongly 

 wrinkled when dry. 



BARTRAMIA. 



The Bartramias grow in moist niches in cliffs and on moist 

 shady banks, looking much like tufts of green wool. The char- 

 acteristic thing about them is their capsules, which are globular 

 and somewhat unsymmetric when moist, but dry with regular 

 folds and alternate ridges. When very dry the body of the 

 capsule becomes so shrunken as to be smaller than the mouth of 

 the capsule itself. We have two species. 



B. POMiFORMis (L.) Hedw., the Long-leaved Bartramia or 

 Apple Moss, easily distinguished by its longer leaves crisped 

 when dry and by its larger capsule. 



Plate XXVII. Aulacomnium heterostichum (From Bry. Eur.), i, Plants 

 natural size. The other figures are self-explanatory. 



