SURGICAL DISEASES 1 1 3 



When the operation is performed on the median 

 line, a small rope is tied around each hock and 

 the sow 'hung up with a gambrel. A small in- 

 cision is then made on the middle line- of the 

 abdomen, two or three inches in front of the pubis. 

 The ovaries are then removed in the usual way, 

 and the incision closed by the necessary number 

 of stitches. 



PROLAPSE OF THE ANUS 



Permanent protrusion of the lining membrane 

 of the rectum through the anal opening is called 

 a prolapse of the anus. This condition is not un- 

 common in growing pigs. Pigs having access to 

 cinder piles, soft coal, etc., frequently suffer from 

 this ailment. It is also common in pigs that eat 

 rotten wood and ear^h. Constipation, diarrhoea, 

 or any condition that may bring about a weakened 

 condition of the spincter muscle of the anus will 

 cause it. 



Symptoms. — In some cases only a small portion 

 of the rectal mucous membrane makes its appear- 

 ance outside of the anus. In more severe cases a 

 fair-sized tumor, round, red, and slightly painful, 

 is present. After being exposed for a time, it 

 becomes swollen and dark colored, and, finally, 

 dried and cracked on its surface. The prolapsed 

 part may itch intensely, and the hog rubs and in- 

 jures the tissues in trying to relieve the irritation. 

 Usually the appetite falls off and the pig is rest- 



