THE SKELETON. 23 
are those not elongated and with no medullary cavity: 
tarsus and carpus. Flat bones are plate-like, with a layer 
of cancellous tissue between two layers 
of compact tissue: parietal, scapula, 
and innominate. Jrregular bones are 
those which have an exceedingly ir- 
regular shape: ethmoid and vertebre. 
The aspect of a bone is the portion 
seen when viewed from a given direc- 
tion. The border of a bone is the 
margin, edge, or ridge at the juncture 
of two surfaces. Proximal is used to 
designate the portion of a structure 
nearer the axis or spinal column, in 
distinction to distal, which signifies the 
part farther removed from the axis. 
Cranial indicates the part of an organ 
nearer to the plane passing just beyond 
the head and perpendicular to the spinal 
axis, while caudal is applied to the 
other part of the organ nearer to the 
perpendicular plane at the end of the 
extended tail. 
; . Pig, 322 LoncItTu- 
Sagittal refers to the plane bisecting DINAL SECTION OF 
THE HuMERus OF A 
‘ KITTEN. 
nal direction. Medial and lateral are j, Epiphysis for head; 
the animal in a vertical and longitudi- 
adjectives, the former meaning nearer — ©, Cartilage; b, bone; 
j m, medullary sub- 
to the sagittal planeand the latter more stance; 0, epiphysis 
for olecranon proc- 
remote on either side of that plane. ae 
Proximad, distad, craniad, caudad, 
mediad and laterad are adverbs indicating direction in ac- 
cordance with the adjectives to which they are related. 
A process is projection or elevation. 
A tuberosity is a rough obtuse process. 
