THE SKELETON. 41 
13. Which foramina derive their names from their location? 
14. Which foramina transmit important blood-vessels? 
15. Draw figures representing relative shapes and sizes of all foram- 
ina of the skull. 
16. What bones enter into the formation of the brain cavity? 
17. Write about 200 words describing the nasal cavity. 
18. Draw a ventro-lateral aspect of the auditory bulla and label all 
features. 
19. Write a description of the auditory bulla and name some mam- 
mals in which it is absent. 
20. Which bones of the skull are composed of more parts in the 
young than in the adult? 
21. Name the principal sutures of the skull. 
22. Name the parts of the sphenoid bone in the order of size. 
23. Name the bones of the skull visible from the dorsal aspect. 
24. Name the bones of the skull visible from the cranial aspect. 
25. What bone of the cranium paired in the cat is single in man? 
26. What bone present in face of the cat is wanting as a separate ele- 
ment in man? 
27. Draw lateral aspect of mandible and label all features. 
28. Name the bones bearing the teeth. 
29. Name the elements of hyoid apparatus in order. 
30. Draw a section of the frontal bone showing diploé. 
31. Describe the difference between the relative locations of the 
cranial and facial portions of the skull in cat and man. 
32. Name five membrane bones and five cartilage bones. 
VERTEBRA. 
The vertebral column is composed of the following five 
groups of vertebrae: seven cervical, thirteen thoracic, seven 
lumbar, three sacral, and caudal varying from four to 
twenty-six. The following six features are common to all 
of the vertebre in the first four groups except the atlas: 
(1) the body of the vertebra (Fig. 22), which forms the 
floor of the neural canal and articulates with the adjacent 
vertebre by means of interposed discs of cartilage; (2) the 
transverse processes, which project laterad from the body 
or from the walls of the neural canal; (3) a spinous process, 
which projects dorsad from the roof of the neural canal; 
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