THE SKELETON. 47 
surfaces for articulation with the ilium. This expansion 
appears to be a modified transverse process. Prominent 
transverse processes also project from the caudal angles. 
The caudal vertebre vary greatly in number. Accord- 
ing to Mivart, there are only four in the Manx cat; and 
according to Jayne, there may be as many as twenty-six in 
some varieties of the common cat. The transverse processes 
Fic. 26. Caupat Aspect or Fic. 27. Dorsar ASPECT OF THE 
FourtH LuMBAR VERTEBRA. SAcRUM. 
a, Accessory process; cr, centrum ff, Floor of the neural canal; fr, 
or body; pa, pedicle; tr, trans- dorsal aperture of the inter- 
verse process; s, neural canal; vertebral foramen; Jf, lateral 
Sp, spinous process; sg, the mass; pzg, posterior articular 
mammillary process of the an- process; sp, spinous process; st, 
terior articular process; ami, auricular surface for articula- 
lamina; pz, articular process. tion with the ilium; tr, trans- 
verse process; zgt, tubercle 
formed by fusion of the artic- 
ular processes; <g, anterior 
articular processes. 
and articular processes become less prominent from the 
third vertebra to the eighth or ninth, where they are present 
only as slight ridges. The spinous process is present in the 
first three, but dwindles to a ridge in the fourth. The first 
six or seven elements possess a neural arch which more 
distally loses its roof, making the neural canal a mere 
