THE SKELETON. 49 
gladiolus; the caudal piece is called the ensiform or xi- 
phoid process. It is terminated by a flat piece of cartilage. 
The cartilaginous portion of the first rib articulates with 
the manubrium near its middle. The ribs from the second 
Fic. 28. VentTRAL Aspect oF THE Bones oF THE THORAX. The numbers 
on the vertebral or bony portions of the ribs indicate the names of 
the ribs. The numbers of the last four ribs are placed just craniad 
of them. 
c, Cartilaginous part of the first rib; cr, cartilaginous disc between the 
bodies of the vertebra; en, ensiform process; fd, heads or capitula 
of ribs; m, manubrium, mr, attachment of twelfth to the eleventh 
rib; , free termination of thirteenth rib; 7, attachment of the 
eleventh to the tenth rib; tb, tubercle of first rib; tn, transverse 
process of first thoracic vertebra; v, body of vertebra. 
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