70 
for articulation with the tibia. 
Fic. 43. DorsaL ASPECT 
or Lert HIiNp-FOOT. 
ag, Astragalus; ar, artic- 
ular surface of the 
tibia; cb, cuboid; ec, 
external cuneiform; gr, 
groove for the tendon 
of the plantaris; h, 
head of the fourth 
metatarsal; ic, internal 
cuneiform; mc, middle 
cuneiform; #1, hallux 
or first metatarsal ; m2, 
ms, Muu, and ms, second, 
third, fourth, and fifth 
metatarsals; mv, navi- 
cular or scaphoid; oc, 
os calcis, or calca- 
neum; 3, proximal row 
of phalanges; 2, mid- 
dle row of phalanges; 
1, distal row of phalan- 
ges. 
ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 
The head bears a convex 
surface for articulation with the 
The neck is the con- 
stricted portion between the body 
and the head. 
The scaphoid lies on the medial 
side of the foot and articulates with 
the remaining six bones of the tar- 
sus. It may be recognized by its 
deep concave surface for articulation 
with the astragalus, and also by the 
tuberosity, a process on its medial 
plantar angle (Fig. 43). 
The internal cuneiform is next to 
the smallest bone of the tarsus. It 
articulates with the navicular, mid- 
dle cuneiform, and first and second 
metatarsals. The middle cuneiform 
is a wedge-shaped bone and the 
smallest element of the tarsus. It 
articulates with the other two cunei- 
forms, the scaphoid and second met- 
atarsal. The external cuneiform 
may be recognized by a strong hook- 
like process on its plantar surface. 
It articulates with the scaphoid, 
middle cuneiform, cuboid, and sec- 
ond and third metatarsals. 
The cuboid is the lateral bone of 
the distalrow. It may be recognized 
by the deep groove on its plantar 
surface which shelters the tendon of 
the peroneus longus muscle. 
navicular. 
The typical arrangement of the tarsal elements in ver- 
