108 ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 
ment of mucous membrane is formed into a fold beneath 
it, called the frenum lingue. The dorsal surface of the 
Tic. 56. Dorsat ASPECT GF 
THE TONGUE AND ne? A 
at, Arytenoid cartilage; a¥ an- 
terior pillar of the fYfiuces; 
cc, crico-epiglottic lifment ; 
cd, true vocal cords; cv, cir- 
cumvallate papilla; ep, epi- 
glottis; fl, flat papilla; fg, 
fungiform papilla; fr, fili- 
form papilla; gl, glottis; hy, 
epihyal bone cut off; i, false 
vocal cord; w, lumen of the 
esophagus, which is cut off 
just as it opens into the 
pharynx; pf, posterior pil- 
lar of the fauces; tn, tonsil. 
tongue displays four kinds of 
papille (Fig. 56) : The circum- 
vallate, numbering from six to 
eight arranged in a V_ shape 
near the root; the flat, very 
numerous at the root; the con- 
ical, most numerous and thickly 
set over the entire dorsal aspect ; 
and the fungiform, which are 
blunt and located more thickly 
on the sides and near the tip 
of the tongue (Fig. 56). 
The Teeth.—During the 
first year the cat develops 
twenty-six teeth, known as the 
deciduous or temporary set, as 
they are later replaced by a 
jzrmanent set. The three parts 
of a tooth are the crown, neck, 
and fang (Fig. 58). The 
crown may be divided into 
several portions called cusps. A 
tooth split longitudinally pre- 
sents the following four fea- 
tures (Fig. 57): the enamel, a 
hard glistening substance cover- 
ing the entire crown of the 
tooth down to the neck; the 
cement, a bony substance in- 
vesting the fang; the dentine, 
forming the interior hard por- 
tion of the tooth; and the pulp cavity, containing in the 
