114 ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 
ties should be cut away with the bone forceps and scalpel. 
The body cavity is divided into two parts by the diaphragm 
(Fig. 55). The cranial portion, the thoracic cavity, con- 
tains the esophagus, heart, blood-vessels, thoracic duct, 
trachea, and lungs. In the young cat there is present also 
the thymus gland, stretching craniad several centimeters 
from the base of the heart. The transparent membrane 
lining this cavity and investing the lungs is the pleura. 
The caudal part of the ccelom is the abdominal cavity 
containing the abdominal viscera, which are here briefly 
described. The liver, a large brownish-red organ, is ad- 
jacent to the diaphragm on the right side, while the stomach 
(Fig. 55) lies close to the diaphragm on the left. The 
Spleen is the dark red, flat, elongated organ caudad of the 
stomach on the left side. The sheet of thin transparent 
tissue more or less laden with fat, depending from the 
stomach and covering the intestines like an apron, is the 
greater omentum. It is a portion of the peritoneum which 
lines the abdominal cavity and invests most of the organs 
therein. The pancreas is a pinkish elongate body, bent at a 
right angle near its middle, so that one portion lies in the 
bend of the duodenum and the other dorsal to the stomach. 
The kidneys may be recognized by their well-known shape 
and dorsal location in the cranial lumbar region. The 
ovaries are small pinkish bodies lying near the kidneys, 
adjacent to the dorsal abdominal wall. The wterus is easily 
known by its two horns extending caudad from the ovaries 
to their junction at the body of the uterus. The bladder, 
if full of urine, is at once recognized; and if empty, appears 
as a small hard pear-shaped mass ventrad to the rectum 
(Fig. $5): 
ESOPHAGUS. 
The esophagus or gullet is that portion of the alimentary 
canal leading from the pharynx to the stomach. In the 
