134 ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 
The abdominal aorta gives off the following branches: 
the cceliac axis, the superior mesenteric, the adrenolumbalis, 
a pair of renal, a pair of genital, an inferior mesenteric, a 
pair of iliolumbar, seven or eight pairs of lumbar, a pair 
of external iliacs, a pair of internal iliacs, and a caudal 
artery (Fig. 72). 
The celiac avis is a large branch arising just caudad to 
the diaphragm and gives off the hepatic branch to the liver, 
pancreas, and duodenum, the gastric to the stomach, and 
is continued as the splenic, supplying the pancreas and the 
spleen. The phrenic artery, supplying the diaphragm, 
sometimes arises from the cceliac axis, but usually from the 
adrenolumbalis. 
The superior mesenteric is about the same size as the 
cceliac axis, and arises within one centimeter caudad. It 
sends branches to the pancreas and both intestines. The 
adrenolumbalis is a small branch on the left side dividing 
into the adrenal, phrenic, and muscular. The renal arteries 
supply the kidneys and usually the suprarenal bodies. The 
genital arteries are small, and arise from one to two centi- 
meters caudad of the renal arteries. ‘They pass obliquely 
caudad to the ovaries in the female, and the testes in the 
male. The inferior mesenteric is almost as large as the 
superior mesenteric. It is distributed to the large intestine. 
The pair of iliolumbar arteries are small branches supply- 
ing the muscles of the iliac region. 
Four or five pairs of lumbar arteries are given off from 
the dorsal side of the aorta at regular intervals between 
the diaphragm and the origin of the external iliac arteries. 
They supply the muscles of the back and spinal cord. The 
external iliac arteries are the largest branches of the ab- 
dominal aorta and carry blood to the hind-limbs. The 
internal iliac arteries arise more than a centimeter caudad 
to the external iliacs and furnish blood to the pelvic viscera 
