166 
ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY. 
The ureter is a small tube leading from the pelvis of 
each kidney along the dorsal as- 
pect of the abdominal cavity to 
the dorsal and caudal end of the 
bladder. 
The bladder is the sac for re- 
taining the urine. It lies ventrad 
Fic. 87. Meprtan LoncitupINAL SECTION 
oF A KIDNEY. 
cor, Cortical substance; hi, hilus; med, 
medullary portion; p, papilla; pl, 
pelvis; #, pyramids; ur, ureter. 
to the rectum, a little to the right 
of the median line, being held in 
place by the ligamentum suspen- 
sorium, a fold of the peritoneum 
attached to the mid-ventral line. 
It is also attached by lateral liga- 
ments. On its dorsocaudal aspect 
near where the ureters empty, the 
urethra originates and passes along 
the ventral surface of the vagina 
to the vestibule, within which it 
opens (Fig. 86). In the male it 
passes directly from the bladder 
Fic. 88. 
DIAGRAM OF THE 
STRUCTURE OF THE Kip- 
NEY BETWEEN THE LINES 
a AND c IN Fic. 87. 
ar, Arteries leading to the 
Malpighian bodies, only 
one capsule being shown; 
b, veins leading from the 
capillary network about a 
convoluted tubule as at 
nu; cx, line marking the 
boundary between the cor- 
tical and medullary por- 
tions of the kidney; cp, 
capsule of Bowman en- 
veloping the bunch of 
capillaries; d, distal con- 
voluted tubule; hl, Henle’s 
loop; 7, capillary network 
about the tubule; ¢, the 
bunch of capillaries or 
Malpighian tuft; wr, por- 
tions of uriniferous tubu- 
les emptying into the col- 
lecting tubule c; xc, prox- 
imal convoluted tubule. 
along the ventral surface of the rectum to the root of the 
penis at the pubic symphysis, and thence on through the 
