150 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



Fig. 115.— Skeleton of the Tortoise (plastron removed) : a, cervical vertebrffi ; c, flor- 

 eal vertebrae ; (f, ribs; e, marginal bones of the carapace; ?, scapula; *, precora- 

 coid ; 6, coracoid ; /, pelvis ; i, femur ; g, tibia ; ft, flbala. 



■Fig. 116.— Skeleton of a Vulture : 1, cranium— the parts of which are separable only 

 in the chick ; 2, cervical vertebrse ; 3, dorsal ; 4, coccygeal, or caudal ; the Inmbar 

 and sacral are consolidated; 5, ribs; 6, etemnm, or breast-bone, extraordinarily 

 developed; T, fnrculum, clavicle, or "wish-bone;" S, coracoid; 9, scapula; 10, 

 humerns; 11, ulna, with rudimentary radius; 12, metacarpals; 13, phalanges of 

 the great digit of the wing; 19, thumb ; 14, pelvis ; 15, femur; 16, tibia-tarsus and 

 fibula, or crus; IT, tarso-metatarsus ; 18, internal digit, or toe, formed of three 

 phalanges ; the middle toe has four phalanges ; the outer, five ; and the back toe, 

 orthnmb, two. 



