292 



COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



sands in the winged Insects). 



-■t 



Via. 262— Under enrface of a Beetle (Harpalus colt- 

 gino8U8): a, ligula; &, paraglosBce ; c, euppoils of 

 labial palpi; d, labial palpus; e, mentum ; /, iu- 

 uer lobe of maxilla ; g, outer lobe ; h, maxillary 

 palpus; i, mandible; k, buccal opening; I, gnla, 

 or throat : m, buccal sutures ; n, gular suture ; o, 

 prosternum ; p, episternum of prothoriix ; p', epi- 

 meron ; g, q', q", coxse ; r, r, r, trochanters ; s, 

 «', 8", femora, or thighs ; t, t', i", tibte ; », ventrnl 

 abdominal segments ; w, episterna of mesothorax ; 

 x^ mesosternum ; y, episterna of metatborax ; y't 

 epiroeron ; z, metasternum. 



They are never placed on 

 movable stalks, as the 

 Lobster's. Besides 

 these, there are three 

 simple eyes, called 

 . oeelli. The mouth 

 may be fitted for bit- 

 ing (mastioatoTy), as 

 in Beetles, or for suck- 

 ing {suctorial), as in 

 Butterflies. The mas- 

 ticatory type, which 

 is the more complete, 

 and of which the other 



~"5' is but a modification, 

 consists of four horny 

 jaws (mandibles and 

 maxillcB) and an up- 

 per and an under lip 

 {lahrum and lahium). 

 Sensitive palpi {^ax- 

 illary and laiiaV) are 

 developed from the 

 lower jaw and lower 

 lip. The labium is 

 also prolonged into a 

 ligula, or tongue. 



The legs are invari- 



and foot.' 



ably six in the adult, 

 the fore -legs direct- 

 ed forward and the 

 hinder pairs back- 

 ward. Each consists 

 of a hip, thigh, shank, 

 Some larvse have also " false legs," without 



