304 Salmonide 
jected by the canners. No hook-jawed females of any species 
have been seen. 
On first entering a stream the salmon swim about as if play- 
ing. They always head towards the current, and this appear- 
ance of playing may be simply due to facing the moving tide. 
Afterwards they enter the deepest parts of the stream and 
swim straight up, with few interruptions. Their rate of travel 
at Sacramento is estimated by Stone at about two miles per 
day; on the Columbia at about three miles per day. Those 
which enter the Columbia in the spring and ascend to the moun- 
tain rivers of Idaho must go at a more rapid rate than this, as 
they must make an average of nearly four miles per day. 
As already stated, the economic value of any species depends 
in great part on its being a ‘spring salmon.” It is not gen- 
erally possible to capture salmon of any species in large num- 
bers until they have entered the estuaries or rivers, and the 
spring salmon enter the large rivers long before the growth 
of the organs of reproduction has reduced the richness of the 
flesh. The fall salmon cannot be taken in quantity until their 
flesh has deteriorated; hence the dog-salmon is practically 
almost worthless except to the Indians, and the humpback 
salmon was regarded as little better until comparatively re-_ 
cently, when it has been placed on the market in cans as “ Pink 
Salmon.” It sells for about half the price of the red salmon 
and one-third that of the quinnat. The red salmon is smaller 
than the quinnat but, outside the Sacramento and the Columbia, 
far more abundant, and at present it exceeds the quinnat in 
economic value. The pack of red salmon in Alaska amounted 
in 1902 to over two million cases (48 pounds each), worth whole- 
sale about $4.00 per case, or about $8,000,000. The other species 
in Alaska yield about one million cases, the total wholesale value 
of the pack for 1902 being $8,667,673. The aggregate value of 
the quinnat is considerably less, but either species far exceed in 
value all other fishes of the Pacific taken together. The silver 
salmon is found in the inland waters of Puget Sound for a 
considerable time before the fall rains cause the fall runs, and 
it may be taken in large numbers with seines before the season 
for entering the rivers. 
The fall salmon of all species, but especially of the dog- 
