314 Salmonide 
It is now termed a ‘redfish.’ The female, however, is dark 
in color and known as ‘blackfish.’ ‘Smolts’ (young river fish) 
are bluish along the upper half of the body, silvery along the 
sides, due to a layer of silvery scales being formed over the 
trout-like colors, while they have darker fins than the yearling 
‘ping,’ but similar bands and spots, which can be seen (as 
in the parr) if the example be held in certain positions of light. 
‘Parr’ (fishes of the year) have two or three black spots only 
on the opercle, and black spots and also orange ones along the 
upper half of the body, and no dark ones below the lateral line, 
although there may be orange ones which can be seen in its 
course. Along the side of the body are a series (12 to 15) of 
transverse bluish bands, wider than the ground color and crossing 
the lateral line, while in the upper half of the body the darker 
color of the back forms an arch over each of these bands, a 
row of spots along the middle of the rayed dorsal fin, and the 
adipose orange-tipped.”’ 
The dusky cross-shades found in the young salmon or parr 
are characteristic of the young of salmon, trout, grayling, and 
nearly all the other Salmonide. 
The salmon of the Atlantic is, as already stated, an anadro- 
mous fish, spending most of its life in the sea, and entering the 
streams in the fall for the purpose of reproduction. The time 
of running varies much in different streams and also in different 
countries. As with the Pacific species, these salmon are not 
easily discouraged in their progress, leaping cascades and other 
obstructions, or, if these prove impassable, dying after repeated 
fruitless attempts. 
The young salmon, known as the “parr,” is hatched in the 
spring. It usually remains about two years in the rivers, de- 
scending at about the third spring to the sea, when it is known 
as ‘‘smolt.”” In the sea it grows much more rapidly, and becomes 
more silvery in color, and is known as ‘“‘grilse.’’ The grilse 
rapidly develop into the adult salmon; and some of them, as in 
the case with the grilse of the Pacific salmon, are capable of 
reproduction. 
After spawning the salmon are very lean and unwholesome 
in appearance, as in fact. They are then known as “kelts.”’ 
The Atlantic salmon does not ascend rivers to any such dis- 
