The Grayling and the Smelt 451 
same thing. They are also sometimes called icefish (Hingzo), 
which, being used for no other fish, may be adopted as a group 
name for Salanx. 
The species are Salanx chinensis from Canton, Salanx hyalo 
cranius from Korea and northern China, Salanx microdon from 
northern Japan, and Salanx artakensis from the southern island 
of Kiusiu. The Japanese fishes are species still smaller and 
feebler than their relatives from the mainland. 
The Haplochitonide.— The Haplochitonide are trout-like 
fishes of the south temperate zone, differing from the Salmonide 
mainly in the extension of the premaxillary until, as in the 
perch-like fishes, it forms the outer border of the upper jaw. 
The adipose fin is present as in all the salmon and smelt. Hap- 
lochiton of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands is naked, 
while in Prototroctes of Australia and New Zealand the body, 
as in all salmon, trout, and smelt, is covered with scales. Proto- 
troctes marena is the yarra herring of Australia. The closely 
related family of Galaxtide, also Australian, but lacking the 
adipose fin, is mentioned in a later chapter. 
2 
Fic. 255 —Icefish, Salanz hyalocranius Abbott. Family Salangide. 
Tientsin, China. 
Stomiatide. — The Stomiatide, with elongate bodies, have 
the mouth enormous, with fang-like teeth, usually barbed. Of 
Fic. 256 —Stomias ferox Reinhardt. Banquereau. 
the several species Stomias ferox is best known. According to 
Dr. Boulenger, these fishes are true [sospondyli. 
Astronesthide is another small group of small fishes naked 
and black, with long canines, found in the deep sea. 
The Malacosteide is a related group with extremely dis- 
