430 Acanthopterygii; Synentognathi 
having the anal fin much modified in the male, forming an 
intromittent organ, as in the Peciliide. One species occurs in 
the river mouths in Samoa. 
The flying-fishes have both jaws short, and at least the 
Fic. 838.—Sharp-nosed Flying-fish, Fodiator acutus (Val.). Panama. 
pectoral fins much enlarged, so that the fish may sail in the air 
for a longer or shorter distance. 
The smaller species have usually shorter fins and approach 
more nearly to the halfbeaks. Fodiator acutus, with sharp 
jaws, and Hemiexocetus, with a short beak on the lower jaw, 
are especially intermediate. The flight of the flying-fishes is 
described in detail on p. 44. 
The Catalina flying-fish, Cypselurus californicus, of the shore 
of southern California is perhaps the largest of the known species, 
reaching a length of 18 inches. To this genus, Cypselurus, 
having a long dorsal and short anal, and with ventrals en- 
larged as well as pectorals, belong all the species strongest in 
flight, Cypselurus heterurus and furcatus of the Atlantic, Cypse- 
lurus simus of Hawai and Cypselurus agoo in Japan. ‘The very 
young of most of these species have a long barbel at the chin 
which is lost with age. 
In the genus Exonautes the base of anal fin is long, as long 
as that of the dorsal. Thé species of this group, also strong 
in flight, are widely distributed. Most of the European flying- 
fishes, as Exonautes rondelett, Exonautes rubescens, and Exo- 
nautes vinciguerre, belong to this group, while those of Cypse- 
lurus mostly inhabit the Pacific. The large Australian species 
Exonautes unicolor belongs to this group. In the restricted 
genus Exocetus the ventral fins are short and not used in flight. 
Exocetus volitans (evolans) is a small flying-fish, with short 
