525 
Very close to the Pempheride is the small family of Bathy- 
clupeide. These are herring-like fishes, much compressed and 
Cavallas and Pampanos 
Giran, Formosa. 
Fie. 395 —Pempheris nyctereutes.Jordan & Evermann. 
There are but one or two dorsal 
with a duct to the air-bladder. 
The ventrals are of one spine and five rays as in perch, 
like fishes, but placed behind the pectoral fins. 
due to the shortening of the belly, 
spines. 
This feature- 
is regarded by Alcock, the 
and the family was 
discoverer, as a result of degeneration, 
Fic. 396.—The Louvar, Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque. 
Family Luvaride. 
The persistent air-duct 
excludes it from the Percesoces, the normally formed ventrals 
(After Day.) 
If we trust the indications of the skeleton, 
placed by him among the herrings. 
from the Berycoidet. 
