Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 113 



of ammonia, and phosphate and oxalate of lime, was 

 found in the pelvis of the kidney. The kidney itself 

 was increased in size fourfold, the mucous mem- 

 brane covered with ecchymoses, and the walls of the bladder 

 thickened. — (Moore.) 



A case of renal calculi, received from Mr. Clarke, of 

 Islington, is mentioned in the Veterinarian, March, 1869. 

 "No history of the case was given, but the morbid specimen 

 is in itself of considerable interest. In both kidneys there 

 are several small calculi, the largest of the size of a horse- 

 bean, lodged in the pelvic cavities." 



Treatment. — -This consists chiefly in palliative measures. 

 Opiates may be given when pain is present ; the patient 

 may also be placed in a hot bath, or counter-irritation 

 applied to the loins. Mild diuretics and laxatives encourage 

 the descent of the calculi, as also do mucilaginous drinks 

 and sharp exercise. 



CYSTITIS, 



Or inflammation of the bladder, is occasionally met with in 

 canine practice. 



Causes. — Mechanical injuries, chronic inflammation of 

 the kidneys, or stricture of the urethra, local irritation from 

 the presence of calculi, worms, or the administration of 

 cantharides or turpentine, blows, falls, or crushes on a 

 distended bladder, etc. 



Symptoms. — Considerable uneasiness, with symptoms of 

 colic. The animal frequently looks towards the flanks 

 which are exceedingly tender on both sides ; the urine is 

 voided sparingly and with great pain, it may be clear and 

 high-coloured, clouded and thick, bloody, or mingled with 

 mucus and pus. Considerable sympathetic fever is present, 

 and frequently vomiting and obstinate constipation. There 

 is intense thirst throughout. 



