Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 121 



were normal. In the interior of this viscus, the 

 morbid changes were very marked, the whole of 

 the mucous membrane was intensely congested, and 

 in many places patches of extravasated blood were 

 firmly adherent to the surface. A quantity of dark-red 

 fluid was taken from the bladder, and set aside 

 for further examination. The most remarkable feature 

 of the morbid changes was the existence of a large 

 number of small calculi, varying in size from a pin's point 

 to a large pea, principally clustered in the neck of the 

 bladder, which was quite black in colour, on account of the 

 quantity of effused blood in the sub-mucous tissues. In the 

 urethral canal, which was cut open, the lining membrane 

 was much congested, but there was no calculus, excepting 

 the one to which Mr. Gowing alludes, and which was the 

 direct cause of the fatal termination of the disease. 



"Microscopic Examination of the Urine and the Calculous 

 Concretions. — The dark-coloured fluid which was removed 

 from the bladder contained a considerable quantity of blood ; 

 this was evident at once from the presence of large coagula ; 

 and under the microscope the blood-discs were very abun- 

 dant ; besides these there were epithelial cells, a quantity 

 of amorphous matter, and some large crystals of triple phos- 

 phate. From the result of the microscopic examination of 

 the urine there was good reason to conclude that the calculi 

 were principally composed of the triple phosphates ; but 

 in order to determine the point some of them were sub- 

 mitted to examination. In form the bodies were spherical 

 or polygonal, the colour nearly white or light yellow, the 

 surface, to the unassisted eye, appeared smooth, but under 

 a magnifying power of thirty diameters it was irregular, in 

 consequence of numerous projecting angles of crystals, 

 some of which had become rounded off from attrition. The 

 calculi were unacted upon by water, and also by caustic 

 potash, but dissolved readily in acetic acid, and in the 

 mineral acids ; the addition of a little ammonia to the acid 



