220 The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 



readers — I transcribe some of his remarks referring to the 

 dog, with the accompanying illustrations : 



" It is surprising what a number of entozoa infest the 

 dog: and it is still more remarkable to observe what a num- 

 ber of creatures, including man himself, are destined to 

 play the rdle of intermediary bearer of the canine parasites 

 in their juvenile stages of development. It is this con- 

 sideration which, to my mind, renders the dog, in the mat- 

 ter of parasitism, far more important than any other 

 domesticated animal that can be named." 



The following are the specimens mentioned by Dr. 

 Cobbold : Distoma conjunctum (Fig. 24), obtained originally 

 by Dr. Cobbold from the liver-ducts of an American red 

 fox, and spoken to by Dr. Lewis as " not unfrequently met 

 with in the bile-ducts " of the pariah dogs of India. 



Holostoma alatnm, another fluke, (the winged), which, 

 Dr. Cobbold observes, may be readily taken for the above, 

 is occasionally found in the stomach and intestines of the 

 dog, but more commonly in the alimentary canal of the 

 fox. 



"When people speak of 'worms' in the dog, they com- 

 monly refer to round and tapeworms ; and in place of recog- 

 nising, as they might, fully a score or more of internal para- 

 sites, they are content to roll the entire series into three or 

 four species only. It is the function of the helminthologist 

 to correct this error. Thus, of the so-called lumbricoid 

 and filariform worms, we have no less than eight or nine 

 distinct forms, and of these the most common species is 

 the margined round worm." 



This lumbricoid of the dog {Ascaris marginatd) is pro- 

 bably identical with the moustached worm of the cat 

 {Ascaris mystax). It is sometimes described as the long 

 round worm. The males acquire a length of from two to 

 nearly three inches, whilst the females measure four, five, 

 or even six inches from head to tail. To afford some 

 notion of its prevalence, I may state that it was found at 



