278 The Management and Diseases of the Dog. 



with success, in those cases where exceptional reasons for 

 saving animal life and removing the unnatural effects of the 

 disease existed. 



TURNSIDE. 



This condition, commonly known in sheep as " Gid," is 

 sometimes met with in the dog ; but in the latter it is not 

 so frequently due to the presence of hydatids as to other 

 causes. The symptoms are not unlike those mentioned in 

 the preceding disease, so far as the inclination to move in 

 one direction and the paralytic associations are concerned. 

 Youatt describes them as follows : 



"He becomes listless, dull, off his food, and scarcely re- 

 cognises any surrounding object. He has no fit ; but he 

 wanders about the room for several hours at a time, 

 generally or almost invariably in the same direction, and 

 with his head on one side. At first he carefully avoids the 

 objects that are in his way ; but by degrees his mental 

 faculties become impaired ; his sense of vision is confused 

 or lost, and he blunders against everything. In fact, if 

 uninterrupted, he would continue his strange perambulation 

 incessantly, until he was fairly worn out and died in con- 

 vulsions." 



With regard to post-mortem examinations, he observes = 



" In some cases I have found spicula projecting from the 

 inner plate of the skull, and pressing upon or even pene- 

 trating the dura mater. I know not why the dog should 

 be more subject to these irregularities of cranial surface 

 than any of our other patients, but decidedly he is so ; 

 and where they have pressed upon the brain, there has been 

 injection of the membranes, and sometimes effusion between 

 them. 



" In some cases I have found effusion without this ex- 

 ternal pressure ; and in some cases, but comparatively tew 



