Accidents and Operations. 381 



a tense condition, if they are not ruptured, of the muscles 

 on the oppositeXde ; pain on manipulation, with more or 

 less swelling ; an absence of true crepitus ; an entirety of 

 bone. 



Treatment. — This consists in applying extension in the 

 direction required for the reduction of the dislocation : in 

 recent cases this will not be difficult. If the shoulder-joint 

 be the seat of accident, reduction is most easily accom- 

 plished in the following manner : A strong towel or sur- 

 cingle is passed underneath the brisket, between the fore- 

 legs, over the withers, round the girth, and across the 

 front of the breast. This is held firmly, whilst an assistant 

 steadily draws the limb in the direction required (Fig 38). 



In dislocation of the elbow, the humerus should be firmly 

 grasped by one pairVof hands, while another uses steady 

 traction on the limb Delow,r-''^' 



Dislocation of the knee is extremely rare, and when it 

 does occur, it will be neceSsary, after reduction, by traction 

 and manipulation, to place a starch bandage round it for a 

 week or ten days. 



Dislocation of the Hip. — Thi^_ occurs in various forms ; 

 the head of the femur may be displaced upwards, down- 

 wards, forwards, or backwards. Reduction is performed 

 by powerful traction above the hock, in the direction indi- 

 cated by the dislocation. At the time of traction, the limb 

 should be drawn outwardly from the upper part of the 

 thigh, for the purpose of lifting the head of the femur over 

 the rim of the acetabulum. Rotation will sometimes aid 

 the operation. 



Dislocation of the stifle or patella is rarely met with in 

 canine practice. In a case which came under my own care^ 

 the bone was displaced outwardly, and could be reduced 

 readily by the fingers, but only temporarily. The symptoms 

 of displacement of the patella, whether outwardly or in- 

 wardly — the two forms usually met with— are an unnatural 

 projection on the affected side, with inability to flex the 



