WALLS, FOUNDATIONS, ETC. 47 
In the construction of vineries, if the vines are to be 
planted inside the house, the roots should be able to run 
outside as well as in the borders inside, so that a border 
must be made outside as well. To enable the roots to 
reach this, the walls 
are frequently built 
on low arches, as 
shown in Fig. 29, 
the crowns of the 
arches being just 
below the surface 'Fia. 30. 
of the soil, when the beds are made up. But brickwork 
of this kind is expensive, and if the walls are built with 
only shallow footings, the roots will usually find their way 
out all right. It is, perhaps, better, however, to put a 
couple of feet of ‘‘ pigeon-holed’”’ brickwork in below the 
ground level, or if some good flat stones are at hand, a 
row or two of rough arches may be built below the surface 
(Fig. 30). 
Where the sides, or walls, are to consist of wood, a good 
method of going to work is to drive or sink stout square 
posts in the ground to a depth of 18in. or 24in., and 3ft. 
or 4ft. apart, and mortice or simply ‘‘spike” the plates 
on to the upper ends of these posts or uprights. Of course 
these must be fixed exactly in line, and all the tops cut 
perfectly level and true before putting the plates on. It is 
also a good plan to give all such posts a good coat of tar, or 
what comes to much the same thing, to just char the lower 
ends all over rather higher than they will be sunk in the 
ground, before putting them in place. This will cause them 
to last infinitely longer than if used without any prepara- 
