THE WOODWORK. 53 
It is as well to place a piece of wood between the mallet and 
the timber in all work of this kind, to prevent any bruising of 
the latter. 
Ordinary plates, for both sides and 
ends, are usually fixed ‘‘flush” (ie. 
level or even) with the outside face of the 
walls, though it is a good plan to draw 
the former, at any rate, in an inch, in 
order to allow of a line of cement 
being run along afterwards (see Fig. 
36). This helps considerably to keep BUG. a: 
the plate from shifting. In some cases, however, the plates 
are fixed flush with the inside of the wall, and when this is 
A IN 
es 
Wi 
done, the gutter is usually bedded in mortar or cement on 
the outer course. But this plan has a somewhat clumsy 
appearance, and if there is any leakage or overflow from 
the gutter, the wall is always wet, and soon gives way. 
Bedding the gutter on piers built 
outside the wall proper is quite 
another thing. Lower or sill-plates 
poe must always overhang the face of the 
wall by lin. or ljin., so as to allow 
Ci 7 the drip to fall clear of the wall. 
Z | Various methods are employed to 
= 7 ; counteract the thrust caused by the 
_ tendency of the weight of the bars 
and glass to force the wall-plates out- 
wv wards. Where the feet of the 
FIG. 37. rafters rest directly on the wall, or 
rather on the wall-plates, a good method of securing these 
last is to build into the wall pieces of flat bar-iron bent to 
