170 FIRST STUDIES IN PLANT LIFE 



SUMMARIES. 



I.— How Seeds Germinate.— Part I., p. 7. 



1-5. A seed mth two seed-leaves : the French bean : its 

 plantlet. 6. How to watch seeds while germinating : use moist 

 sawdust or a glass tube, filled with sawdust, in a pot of earth. 

 7. The scar. 8. A large plantlet : castor-oil. 9. The little root 

 in the seed. 10. The seed-leaves ; two bean-halves. 11. The 

 true leaves. 12. Three needs in germination : heat, moisture, 

 and air. 



II. — Huw Skeds Germinate. — Part II., p. 13. 



1-3. A .seed with one seed-leaf : wheat : the plantlet. 

 i-n. How a wheat-seed grows. 6. The veins in the leaves. 7. The 

 roots. S. The root-tip. 9. When this is injured, new roots grow 

 out from the wounded root. 



III.— The Root.— Part I., p. 18. 



1-3. The root feeds by drinking : takes in fluids only ; all the 

 materials needed by the tree are borne thither by water. 

 4-5. Water climbs up a tree through the plant cells, and is helped 

 up by the evaporation taking place through the leaves. 6-7. Two 

 experiments to prove that the root lifts water : grape-vine ; 

 balsam. H-!i. The fluid passes into the root-cell because the fluid 

 there is stronger than the earth-fluid. 10. Salt in soil may draw the 

 fluid out of the root. 11. An imitation plant-cell. 12. Most of 

 the fluid drunk by the roots evaporates through the leaves, but 

 the material it brought remains in the plant. 



IV.— The Root.— Part II., p. 24. 



1-2. The root shuns the light, yet keeps near the surface. 

 3. Roots seek the best drinking places. 4. But they avoid sodden 

 ground. 5. The hairs on the root take in food. 6. Some plants 

 have trained themselves to live in wet ground. 7. The changing 

 water level affects the habits of plants. 



