130 



belonging to the genera Cyperus, Mariscus, Carex, Rhyncho- 

 spora, and Scleria, whicli also grow tall and form consocies at 

 this stage. In Zululand, the Papyrus (C madagascarensis) 

 forms very large consocies. There is usually a large admix- 

 ture of small Cyperaceae species of Kyllinga, Pycreus, Fimbri- 

 stylis, Bulhostylis, Sciipia, Ficinia, Fuirena and Carex. 



The third stage is dominated chiefly by Vlei grasses. 

 The following form definite consocies : Imperata arundinacea, 

 Erianthus capensis, E. sorghum, Eragrostis nebulosa, Penni- 

 setum unisetum, Setaria aurea, Leersia hexandra, Panicnni 

 crus-pavonis var. rostratus, Arundinella ecklonii, Phalaris 

 arundinacea. The following occur mixed with others, few of 

 them ever assuming dominance": — Saccharwm munroanum, 

 Ischaemum fasciculatum (coast), Rotthoellia compressa var. 

 fasciculata, Paspalum scrobiculatum, P. distichum, Panicum 

 aequinerve, P. maximum, P. proliferum var. paludosum, 

 P . interruptum, Setaria iwberbis, S. nigrirostis, S. gerrardi, 

 S'. rigida, Pennisetum natalense, P. sphacelatum, P. thun- 

 bergii, Stenotaphrum glabrum, T richopteryx dregeana, 

 Diplachne fusca, Agrostis lachn<mtha, A. natalensis, 4. 

 phalaroides, Eragrostis namaqiiensis var. robusta, Lepto- 

 carydion vulpiastrum, Polypogon monspeliensis. 



Of the flowering plants there are many hundreds. A 

 fairly complete list might be compiled, even with the informa- 

 tion at present available, but it would make somewhat dull 

 reading, so only the representative genera will be mentioned. 

 These are: — Ranunculus, Nasturtium, Hypericum, Geum, 

 Alchemilla, Tillaea, Drosera, Berardia, Gunnera perpensa 

 (uGoba, -dominant sometimes), Dissoiis, Lythrum, Epilobium, 

 Jussiaea, Ludioigia, Sium, Anthospermum, Galium, Adeno- 

 stemma, Aster, Nidorella, Denehia, Amphidoxa, Achyrocline, 

 Helichrysum, Leontonyx, Matricaria, Senecio, Lobelia, 

 Chironi'a, Sebaea, Myosotis, Diclis, Limosella, Uysanthes, 

 Veronica, Sopubia, Bopusia, Utricularia, Mentha, Teucrium., 

 Polygonum, Rumex, Eulophia, Lissochilus, Stenoglottis, Hut- 

 tonaea, Satyrium, Visa, Brownleea, Schizochilus, Disperis, 

 Moraea, Gladiolus, Antholyza, Anoiganthus, Crinum, Clivia, 

 Kniptiofia, Drimia, Urginea, Ornithogalum, Richardia, 

 Xyris, Commelina, Juncus, Eriocavlon. 



The fourth stage consists of Tambookie associes exactly 

 similar to the transitional grassland described above as repre- 

 senting the beginning of a Forest sere and the climax stage 

 is Veld. 



