58 Insects without Organs of Hearing. 
hairs (Fig. 11, 2) at their bottom, and Leydig the perfor- 
ated pegs, or tooth-like hairs. We may state then that 
the antennal organ of smell consists of a free or sunken 
hair-like body which opens by a pore or canal to a many 
nucleated ganglionic mass. We thus understand how the 
bee finds the nectar, the fly the meat, and the drone and 
other male insects their mates. Mr. Cheshire speaks of 
small pits in the antenne which he regards as organs of 
hearing. He gives, however, no proof of this, and the 
pits that he describes are not at all ear-like in their struct- 
ure. Dr. Packard says that there is no proof that any 
insects except ciickets and locusts have real organs: of 
hearing. He here refers to the ear-like organs situated 
on the sides of the body of these insects. Dr. C. S. 
Minot, in reviewing Graber’s work, says that it has not 
been demonstrated that even these tympanal organs are 
auditory, and adds that all attempts to demonstrate the 
existence of an auditory organ in insects has failed. There 
is no doubt but that this is a correct statement. That 
insects are conscious of vibrations which with us cause 
sound, I think no observing person can doubt. Itis proved 
by the love note of the katy-did, the cicada and the cricket. 
Every apiarist has noticed the effect of various sounds 
made by the bees upon their comrades of the hive; and how 
contagious is the sharp note of anger, the low hum of fear, 
and the pleasant tone of a new swarm as they commence to 
enter their new home. Now, whether insects take note of 
these vibrations, as we recognize pitch, or whether they just 
distinguish the tremor, I think no one knows. There is 
some reason to believe that their delicate touch organs may 
enable them to discriminate between vibrations, even more 
acutely than can we by the use of our ears. A slight jar 
will quickly awaken a colony of hybrids, while a loud 
noise will pass unnoticed, If insects can appreciate with 
great delicacy the different vibratory conditions of the air 
by an excessive development of the sense of touch, then 
undoubtedly the antennze may be great aids. Dr. Clemens 
thought that insects could only detect atmospheric vibra- 
tions. So, too, thought Linneus and Bonnet. From our 
present knowledge, this view seems the most reasonable 
