‘Organs of Drones. 103 
spermatozoa have begun to descend to the versicule semi- 
nales (Fig. 22, s). Thus in old drones, the testes have 
shrunken. The spermatozoa are very long, with a marked 
head (Fig. 31), which as Mr. Cowan remarked to me, look 
like cat-tail flags, as there is a short, small projection beyond 
the head. These sperm-cells are so very small, and so long 
and slender, that it is difficult to isolate or trace them; hence 
in microscopic preparations they look like one hopeless 
tangle (Fig. 31). It is incomprehensible how they can be 
separated and passed, one, two, or more at a time, by the 
queen as the-eggs are to be impregnated. Appended to 
the versicule seminales (Fig. 22, c, c) just where they pass 
to the ejaculatory duct are two large glandular sacs (Fig. 
22,@), which add mucus to the seminal fluid. The ejacula- 
tory duct (Fig. 22, ¢ ), is rather long and very muscular. 
This passes to a pouch (Fig. 22, f ), where the sperm-cells 
are massed, preparatory to coition. Leuckart called this 
mass of spermatozoa the spermatophore. This is what is 
passed to the spermatheca of the queen during coition. 
Below this is the organ proper. It has, as may be seen by 
pressing a drone, three pairs of appendages, somewhat horn- 
like, and certain roughness or pleats, (Fig. 22, 2, 7), which 
serve to make connection more close during coition. These 
little barb-like teeth, rough projections and horns, as they 
are grasped and firmly pressed by the vulva or enlarge- 
ment just at the end of the oviduct of the queen, are held 
as in a vice; and so we see why they are torn from the 
drone during coition, As Leuckart has so admirably 
described, the external organs of the drone are drawn up 
into the so-called bean'or sac (Fig. 22, f), as the finger 
of a glove often turns in as we draw the glove off the 
hand. As we press a drone, or hold it in our warm hand 
as it has just returned from a long flight, when its air sacs 
are distended; or when it meets the queen, the sexual act is 
accomplished wholly or in part, and the external organ is 
everted or turned out as we turn the glove-finger out. In 
case of coitus, this eversion is very complete, so that the 
bean or sac (Fig. 22, f) turns out, and the spermatophore 
is passed into the oviduct of the queen and by her muscular 
‘oviduct pushed into the spermatheca, This seems a won- 
